spring5源码-事务

Spring的事务机制包括声明式事务和编程式事务。

编程式事务管理：Spring推荐使用TransactionTemplate，实际开发中使用声明式事务较多。

声明式事务管理：将我们从复杂的事务处理中解脱出来，获取连接，关闭连接、事务提交、回滚、异常处理等这些操作都不用我们处理了，Spring都会帮我们处理。

声明式事务管理使用了AOP面向切面编程实现的，本质就是在目标方法执行前后进行拦截。在目标方法执行前加入或创建一个事务，在执行方法执行后，根据实际情况选择提交或是回滚事务。

如何管理的：

Spring事务管理主要包括3个接口，Spring的事务主要是由他们三个共同完成的。

1）PlatformTransactionManager接口：事务管理器–主要用于平台相关事务的管理

public interface PlatformTransactionManager {

	TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException;

	void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException;

	void rollback(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException;

}

2）TransactionDefinition接口：事务定义信息–用来定义事务相关的属性，给事务管理器PlatformTransactionManager使用

public interface TransactionDefinition {
	int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
	int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1;
	int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2;
	int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3;
	int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;
	int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5;
	int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6;

	/**
	 * Use the default isolation level of the underlying datastore.
	 * All other levels correspond to the JDBC isolation levels.
	 * @see java.sql.Connection
	 */
	int ISOLATION_DEFAULT = -1;
	int ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED;
	int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;
	int ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ = Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ;
	int ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE = Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE;

	int TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = -1;

	int getPropagationBehavior();
	int getIsolationLevel();
	int getTimeout();
	boolean isReadOnly();
	String getName();

}

Connection接口

    /**
     * A constant indicating that transactions are not supported.
     */
    int TRANSACTION_NONE             = 0;
    int TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
    int TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED   = 2;
    int TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ  = 4;
    int TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE     = 8;

这个接口有下面四个主要方法：

getIsolationLevel：获取隔离级别；

getPropagationBehavior：获取传播行为；

getTimeout：获取超时时间；

isReadOnly：是否只读（保存、更新、删除时属性变为false–可读写，查询时为true–只读）

事务管理器能够根据这个返回值进行优化，这些事务的配置信息，都可以通过配置文件进行配置。

3）TransactionStatus接口：事务具体运行状态–事务管理过程中，每个时间点事务的状态信息。

public interface TransactionStatus extends SavepointManager, Flushable {
	boolean isNewTransaction();
	boolean hasSavepoint();
	void setRollbackOnly();
	boolean isRollbackOnly();
	void flush();
	boolean isCompleted();
}

例如它的几个方法：

hasSavepoint()：返回这个事务内部是否包含一个保存点，

isCompleted()：返回该事务是否已完成，也就是说，是否已经提交或回滚

isNewTransaction()：判断当前事务是否是一个新事务

声明式事务的优缺点：

优点

不需要在业务逻辑代码中编写事务相关代码，只需要在配置文件配置或使用注解（@Transaction），这种方式没有侵入性。

缺点

声明式事务的最细粒度作用于方法上，如果像代码块也有事务需求，只能变通下，将代码块变为方法。

注解事务

Spring 支持三个不同的事务注解 :

Spring 事务注解 org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
JTA事务注解 javax.transaction.Transactional
EJB 3 事务注解 javax.ejb.TransactionAttribute

当遇到以上三种注解的某一个时，Spring会使用AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource分析该事务注解，最终组织成一个TransactionAttribute供随后使用。本文将基于源代码解析该过程。

TransactionAttributeSource接口，通过类和方法，获取事务注解，封装成TransactionAttribute

public interface TransactionAttributeSource {

	/**
	 * Return the transaction attribute for the given method,
	 * or {@code null} if the method is non-transactional.
	 * @param method the method to introspect
	 * @param targetClass the target class (may be {@code null},
	 * in which case the declaring class of the method must be used)
	 * @return TransactionAttribute the matching transaction attribute,
	 * or {@code null} if none found
	 */
	@Nullable
	TransactionAttribute getTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass);

}

TransactionAttribute接口，继承了事务定义，在事务隔离级别，传播级别上，添加了异常回滚

public interface TransactionAttribute extends TransactionDefinition {

	/**
	 * Return a qualifier value associated with this transaction attribute.
	 * <p>This may be used for choosing a corresponding transaction manager
	 * to process this specific transaction.
	 */
	@Nullable
	String getQualifier();

	/**
	 * Should we roll back on the given exception?
	 * @param ex the exception to evaluate
	 * @return whether to perform a rollback or not
	 */
	boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex);

}

AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource

public class AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource extends AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource
		implements Serializable {

	private static final boolean jta12Present = ClassUtils.isPresent(
			"javax.transaction.Transactional", AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.class.getClassLoader());

	private static final boolean ejb3Present = ClassUtils.isPresent(
			"javax.ejb.TransactionAttribute", AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.class.getClassLoader());

	private final boolean publicMethodsOnly;

	private final Set<TransactionAnnotationParser> annotationParsers;


	/**
	 * Create a default AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource, supporting
	 * public methods that carry the {@code Transactional} annotation
	 * or the EJB3 {@link javax.ejb.TransactionAttribute} annotation.
	 */
	public AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource() {
		this(true);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a custom AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource, supporting
	 * public methods that carry the {@code Transactional} annotation
	 * or the EJB3 {@link javax.ejb.TransactionAttribute} annotation.
	 * @param publicMethodsOnly whether to support public methods that carry
	 * the {@code Transactional} annotation only (typically for use
	 * with proxy-based AOP), or protected/private methods as well
	 * (typically used with AspectJ class weaving)
	 */
	public AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource(boolean publicMethodsOnly) {
		this.publicMethodsOnly = publicMethodsOnly;
		if (jta12Present || ejb3Present) {
			this.annotationParsers = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
			this.annotationParsers.add(new SpringTransactionAnnotationParser());
			if (jta12Present) {
				this.annotationParsers.add(new JtaTransactionAnnotationParser());
			}
			if (ejb3Present) {
				this.annotationParsers.add(new Ejb3TransactionAnnotationParser());
			}
		}
		else {
			this.annotationParsers = Collections.singleton(new SpringTransactionAnnotationParser());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Create a custom AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.
	 * @param annotationParser the TransactionAnnotationParser to use
	 */
	public AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource(TransactionAnnotationParser annotationParser) {
		this.publicMethodsOnly = true;
		Assert.notNull(annotationParser, "TransactionAnnotationParser must not be null");
		this.annotationParsers = Collections.singleton(annotationParser);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a custom AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.
	 * @param annotationParsers the TransactionAnnotationParsers to use
	 */
	public AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource(TransactionAnnotationParser... annotationParsers) {
		this.publicMethodsOnly = true;
		Assert.notEmpty(annotationParsers, "At least one TransactionAnnotationParser needs to be specified");
		this.annotationParsers = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(annotationParsers));
	}

	/**
	 * Create a custom AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.
	 * @param annotationParsers the TransactionAnnotationParsers to use
	 */
	public AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource(Set<TransactionAnnotationParser> annotationParsers) {
		this.publicMethodsOnly = true;
		Assert.notEmpty(annotationParsers, "At least one TransactionAnnotationParser needs to be specified");
		this.annotationParsers = annotationParsers;
	}


	@Override
	@Nullable
	protected TransactionAttribute findTransactionAttribute(Class<?> clazz) {
		return determineTransactionAttribute(clazz);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	protected TransactionAttribute findTransactionAttribute(Method method) {
		return determineTransactionAttribute(method);
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the transaction attribute for the given method or class.
	 * <p>This implementation delegates to configured
	 * {@link TransactionAnnotationParser TransactionAnnotationParsers}
	 * for parsing known annotations into Spring's metadata attribute class.
	 * Returns {@code null} if it's not transactional.
	 * <p>Can be overridden to support custom annotations that carry transaction metadata.
	 * @param element the annotated method or class
	 * @return the configured transaction attribute, or {@code null} if none was found
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected TransactionAttribute determineTransactionAttribute(AnnotatedElement element) {
		for (TransactionAnnotationParser annotationParser : this.annotationParsers) {
			TransactionAttribute attr = annotationParser.parseTransactionAnnotation(element);
			if (attr != null) {
				return attr;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * By default, only public methods can be made transactional.
	 */
	@Override
	protected boolean allowPublicMethodsOnly() {
		return this.publicMethodsOnly;
	}


	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object other) {
		if (this == other) {
			return true;
		}
		if (!(other instanceof AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource)) {
			return false;
		}
		AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource otherTas = (AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource) other;
		return (this.annotationParsers.equals(otherTas.annotationParsers) &&
				this.publicMethodsOnly == otherTas.publicMethodsOnly);
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		return this.annotationParsers.hashCode();
	}

}

仅仅通过protected的方法实现类如何找到指定类/方法的事务注解属性，但是自身并没有提供public方法供调用者使用。实际上，类 AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource提供给调用者的服务方法是public TransactionAttribute getTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass),而该方法定义在其父类AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource中

AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource

	private final Map<Object, TransactionAttribute> attributeCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(1024);
	
	private static final TransactionAttribute NULL_TRANSACTION_ATTRIBUTE = new DefaultTransactionAttribute() {
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return "null";
		}
	};
	
	@Override
	@Nullable
	public TransactionAttribute getTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
		if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
			return null;
		}

		// First, see if we have a cached value.
		Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(method, targetClass);
		TransactionAttribute cached = this.attributeCache.get(cacheKey);
		if (cached != null) {
			// Value will either be canonical value indicating there is no transaction attribute,
			// or an actual transaction attribute.
			if (cached == NULL_TRANSACTION_ATTRIBUTE) {
				return null;
			}
			else {
				return cached;
			}
		}
		else {
			// We need to work it out.
			TransactionAttribute txAttr = computeTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);
			// Put it in the cache.
			if (txAttr == null) {
				this.attributeCache.put(cacheKey, NULL_TRANSACTION_ATTRIBUTE);
			}
			else {
				String methodIdentification = ClassUtils.getQualifiedMethodName(method, targetClass);
				if (txAttr instanceof DefaultTransactionAttribute) {
					((DefaultTransactionAttribute) txAttr).setDescriptor(methodIdentification);
				}
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Adding transactional method '" + methodIdentification + "' with attribute: " + txAttr);
				}
				this.attributeCache.put(cacheKey, txAttr);
			}
			return txAttr;
		}
	}

事务属性先从缓存查询，没有计算出来，放入缓存

DefaultTransactionAttribute结构图

AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource计算事务属性，只有public方法才使用事务

	protected TransactionAttribute computeTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
		// Don't allow no-public methods as required.
		if (allowPublicMethodsOnly() && !Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
			return null;
		}

		// The method may be on an interface, but we need attributes from the target class.
		// If the target class is null, the method will be unchanged.
		Method specificMethod = AopUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, targetClass);

		// First try is the method in the target class.
		TransactionAttribute txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(specificMethod);
		if (txAttr != null) {
			return txAttr;
		}

		// Second try is the transaction attribute on the target class.
		txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(specificMethod.getDeclaringClass());
		if (txAttr != null && ClassUtils.isUserLevelMethod(method)) {
			return txAttr;
		}

		if (specificMethod != method) {
			// Fallback is to look at the original method.
			txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(method);
			if (txAttr != null) {
				return txAttr;
			}
			// Last fallback is the class of the original method.
			txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(method.getDeclaringClass());
			if (txAttr != null && ClassUtils.isUserLevelMethod(method)) {
				return txAttr;
			}
		}

		return null;
	}