事务是spring框架中一个核心的模块,事务的ACID特性想必对于学习java的同学来说都不陌生,对于spring,实现事务的底层原理其实很简单,就是通过AOP代理进行实现,而实现spring的AOP更底层的,就是使用反射机制完成的;
举例来说,当你的方法上标注了@Service之后,spring怎么知道你这个类会被纳入到整个bean的容器中进行管理呢?如果在这个类下面的某个方法上面加了@Transactionnal注解,spring怎么知道要为你的这个方法开启一个事务管理器呢?说到底,反射在这里就派上用场了,总体来说,就是通过反射,匹配类上的注解,再去匹配方法上的注解,只要找到了相应的注解,就开启相应的特性,就是这么简单,
关于spring事务,常见的有两种,一种是编程式事务,比如java代码使用Jdbc进行数据库操作而没有引入其他框架时,就需要通过手动编写事务进行处理,另一种就是我们熟知的使用spring框架,帮助我们管理事务,比如像我们在xml配置文件中,通过配置扫描包和事务管理器,就可以对相关的类进行事务管理了,下面来演示一下采用编程式事务来学习一下spring的事务特性,了解了编程式事务,xml的事务就不是难事了。
目录结构如下
maven配置:
<properties>
<spring.version>5.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>3.2.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.mchange/c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.40</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/dom4j/dom4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
spring配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.jiaxing"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 开启事务注解 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true"></aop:config>
<!--数据库连接池配置 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test" />
<property name="user" value="test" />
<property name="password" value="123456" />
</bean>
<!-- 2. JdbcTemplate工具类实例 -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="dataSourceTransactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 开启注解事务 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="dataSourceTransactionManager" />
</beans>
编写接口:
package com.jiaxing.dao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
/**
* Description:
* Author: wgm
* Date: 2020-03-05
*/
@Repository
public class UserDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void add(int id, String name) {
String sql = "insert into a(id,name) values(?,?)";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id, name);
}
}
package com.jiaxing.service;
import com.jiaxing.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* Description:
* Author: wgm
* Date: 2020-03-05
*/
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
public void add() {
userDao.add(1, "张三");
// int i=1/0;
System.out.println("添加成功+++++++++++++");
userDao.add(2, "李四");
System.out.println("添加成功+++++++++++++");
}
}
使用AOP管理事务:
package com.jiaxing.config;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport;
/**
* Description:
* Author: wgm
* Date: 2020-03-05
*/
@Component
@Aspect
public class TransactionManagerUtils {
@Autowired
private DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager;
@Pointcut("execution(* com.jiaxing..*(..))")
private void pointcut() {
}
//开启事务
public TransactionStatus begin() {
TransactionStatus status = dataSourceTransactionManager.getTransaction(new DefaultTransactionAttribute());
return status;
}
//提交事务
public void commit(TransactionStatus status) {
dataSourceTransactionManager.commit(status);
}
//事务回滚
public void rollback(TransactionStatus status) {
dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(status);
}
@Around("pointcut()")
private void around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
TransactionStatus status = begin();
proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
commit(status);
}
@AfterThrowing("pointcut()")
private void error() {
System.out.println("进入了异常通知++++++++++++++");
TransactionStatus transactionStatus = TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus();
dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(transactionStatus);
}
}
最后编写测试方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicayionContext.xml");
UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService");
userService.add();
System.out.println("连接成功");
}
需要注意的是,业务逻辑层如果使用了异常通知的话,不需要处理异常,只要向往抛出异常即可,如果处理了异常,遇到错误时,是不会进入异常通知方法,导致无法回滚事务,这时需要在catch里手动的回滚事务。