The string "PAYPALISHIRING"
is written in a zigzag pattern on a given number of rows like this: (you may want to display this pattern in a fixed font for better legibility)
P A H N A P L S I I G Y I R
And then read line by line: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"
Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:
string convert(string s, int numRows);
Example 1:
Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 3 Output: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"
Example 2:
Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 4 Output: "PINALSIGYAHRPI" Explanation: P I N A L S I G Y A H R P I
题目:输入一个字符串和一个目标行数,按照目标行数返回这个字符串的“锯齿”模式(见上面的样例)。
实现思路:按照样例的形式把字符串s写成k行的锯齿模式,实现过程中先求出每一行的字符集合,然后把所有行的字符集合拼在一起就是最终结果。从下图不难发现,在顺序遍历所有字符时,按照“向下、向上、向下、向上...”的方向即可求出每一行的字符集合。用布尔值goDown控制方向,goDown = true表示向下走(行数递增),goDown = false表示向上走(行数递减),当row=1或row=k时用goDown = !goDown改变方向。这种方法的好处就是非常直观,不需要锯齿模式的字符规律。(找规律的方法可以参考下面的链接)
class Solution {
public String convert(String s, int numRows) {
if (s == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("argument is null");
if (numRows == 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("unexpected number of rows");
if (numRows == 1) return s;
List<StringBuilder> rows = new ArrayList<>();
boolean goDown = false;
int row = 0;
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < Math.min(numRows, s.length()); i++)
rows.add(new StringBuilder());
for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
rows.get(row).append(c);
if (row == 0 || row == numRows - 1)
goDown = !goDown;
row = goDown ? row + 1 : row - 1;
}
for (StringBuilder sb : rows)
result.append(sb);
return result.toString();
}
}
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/zigzag-conversion/solution/
https://leetcode.com/problems/zigzag-conversion/discuss/3435/If-you-are-confused-with-zigzag-patterncome-and-see!