数据科学库-day2

Anaconda

虚拟环境

1. 创建虚拟环境
conda create -n torch18gpu python=3.7
2. 进入到虚拟环境
conda activate torch18gpu
3. 退出虚拟环境
conda deactivate
4. 删除虚拟环境
conda remove -n torch18gpu --all
5. 安装ku
conda install numpy

练习 1

假设大家在30岁的时候,根据自己的实际情况,统计出来了从11岁到30岁每年交的女(男)朋友的数量如列表a,请绘制出该数据的折线图,以便分析自己每年交女(男)朋友的数量走势
a = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]
要求:
y轴表示个数
x轴表示岁数,比如11岁,12岁等

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

y = [1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1]
x = range(11, 31)

# 设置图形大小
# 宽为20 高为 8 分辨率为 80
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)

plt.plot(x, y)

# 设置 x 轴刻度
_xtick_labels = ["{}岁".format(i) for i in x]

# 设置中文字体
plt.xticks(x, _xtick_labels, fontproperties="SimHei")
plt.yticks(range(0, 9))

# 设置网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.1)

# 展示
plt.show()

练习 2

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

y_1 = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]
y_2 = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]

x = range(11, 31)

# 设置图形大小
# 宽为20 高为 8 分辨率为 80
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)

plt.plot(x, y_1, label="自己")
plt.plot(x, y_2, label="同桌")

# 设置 x 轴刻度
_xtick_labels = ["{}岁".format(i) for i in x]

# 设置中文字体
plt.xticks(x, _xtick_labels, fontproperties="SimHei")
plt.yticks(range(0, 9))

# 设置网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.1)

# 添加图例
plt.legend(prop="SimHei", loc="upper left")

# 展示
plt.show()

自定义

绘制散点图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51, 82)

# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)

plt.scatter(x_3, y_3, label="三月份")
plt.scatter(x_10, y_10, label="十月份")

#调整 x 轴刻度
_x = list(x_3)+list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10月{}日".format(i - 50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x, _xtick_labels, fontproperties="SimHei", rotation=45)

#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间", fontproperties="SimHei")
plt.ylabel("温度", fontproperties="SimHei")
plt.title("标题", fontproperties="SimHei")

# 添加图例
plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop="SimHei")

# 展示
plt.show()

绘制条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战", "敦刻尔克", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746, 312, 4497, 319]
b_15 = [12357, 156, 2045, 168]
b_14 = [2358, 399, 2358, 362]

bar_width = 0.2

# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi=80)

x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i+0.2 for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+0.2*2 for i in x_14]

plt.bar(range(len(a)), b_14, width=bar_width, label="9.14")
plt.bar(x_15, b_15, width=bar_width, label="9.15")
plt.bar(x_16, b_16, width=bar_width, label="9.16")

plt.xticks(x_15, a, fontproperties="SimHei")

# 设置图例
plt.legend(prop="SimHei")

plt.show()

绘制直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

interval = [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 60, 90]
width = [5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 15, 30, 60]
quantity = [836, 2737, 3723, 3926, 3596, 1438, 3273, 642, 824, 613, 215, 47]

plt.bar(range(12), quantity, width=1)

# 设置 x 轴刻度
_x = [i-0.5 for i in range(13)]
_xtick_labels = interval+[150]
plt.xticks(_x, _xtick_labels)

plt.show()

matplotlib 常见问题总结