网络编程-笔记

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概述

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一、概述

192.168.x.x主要为局域网ip

二、网络通信要素

192.168.x.x主要为局域网ip

1.引入库

代码如下（示例）：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import  ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

2.读入数据

代码如下（示例）：

data = pd.read_csv(
    'https://labfile.oss.aliyuncs.com/courses/1283/adult.data.csv')
print(data.head())

该处使用的url网络请求的数据。

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三、IP

try {
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);

            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getCanonicalHostName());
            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostName());


        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

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四、端口

端口范围：0-65535（2的32次方）
TCP、UDP：都有65535个端口
公有端口：0-1023
HTTP：80、HTTPS：443、FTP:21、Telent：23
程序注册端口：1024-49151
Oracle:1521
动态私有的端口：49152-65535

netstat -ano #查看端口
netstat -ano|findstr "80" #查看特定端口
tasklist|findstr "80" #查看制定端口进程

五、通信协议

六、TCP

客户端：

//1.链接服务器Socket 2.发送消息
try {
            InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 6666;

            Socket socket = new Socket(inetAddress,port);
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("hello server".getBytes());

            os.close();
            socket.close();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

服务端

//服务端：1.链接服务端口 ServerSocket 2.等待用户链接 accept 3.接受用户消息
try {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(6666);
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                baos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());

            baos.close();
            is.close();
            socket.close();
            serverSocket.close();


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

Tomcat

服务端
自定义S Tomcat服务器S
客户端
自定义C 浏览器B

七、UDP

发送端

DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();

        //创建包
        String msg = "hello world";
        int port = 6666;
        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,inetAddress,port);

        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
        datagramSocket.close();

接收端

DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        //阻塞接受
        datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);

        System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostName());
        System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(), 0, datagramPacket.getLength()));
        datagramSocket.close();

多线程UDP聊天

//发送端
package com.kuangshen.javaweb;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpTalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public UdpTalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket=new DatagramSocket(this.fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, InetAddress.getByName(this.toIP), this.toPort);

                socket.send(packet);

                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

//接收端
package com.kuangshen.javaweb;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpTalkRead implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public UdpTalkRead(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket=new DatagramSocket(this.port);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);

                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);

                if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }


        socket.close();
    }
}

//测试类
package com.kuangshen.javaweb;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new UdpTalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new UdpTalkRead(8888,"teacher")).start();
    }
}


package com.kuangshen.javaweb;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new UdpTalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new UdpTalkRead(9999,"student")).start();
    }
}

url获取资源

URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210310113238/2a09d1811b01973a5b5e983f1e80a63c/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/7693264623/6e68/db0e/b090/dc2bd87a4e0b4de39a11c345fb7373d3.m4a");
        HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("music.m4a");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();