http://www.cnblogs.com/QLeelulu/archive/2009/11/22/1607898.html
无聊想调用下嘀咕的api的时候,发现需要HTTP Basic Authentication,就看了下。
什么是HTTP Basic Authentication?直接看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_authentication_scheme吧。
在你访问一个需要HTTP Basic Authentication的URL的时候,如果你没有提供用户名和密码,服务器就会返回401,如果你直接在浏览器中打开,浏览器会提示你输入用户名和密码(google浏览器不会,bug?)。你可以尝试点击这个url看看效果:http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml
要在发送请求的时候添加HTTP Basic Authentication认证信息到请求中,有两种方法:
- 一是在请求头中添加Authorization:
Authorization: "Basic 用户名和密码的base64加密字符串" - 二是在url中添加用户名和密码:
http://userName:password@api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml
下面来看下对于第一种在请求中添加Authorization头部的各种语言的实现代码。
先看.NET的吧:
string password = " password " ;
// 注意这里的格式哦,为 "username:password"
string usernamePassword = username + " : " + password;
CredentialCache mycache = new CredentialCache();
mycache.Add( new Uri(url), " Basic " , new NetworkCredential(username, password));
myReq.Credentials = mycache;
myReq.Headers.Add( " Authorization " , " Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String( new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(usernamePassword)));
WebResponse wr = myReq.GetResponse();
Stream receiveStream = wr.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);
string content = reader.ReadToEnd();
你当然也可以使用HttpWebRequest或者其他的类来发送请求。
然后是Python的:
import sys
import re
import base64
from urlparse import urlparse
theurl = ' http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml '
username = ' qleelulu '
password = ' XXXXXX ' # 你信这是密码吗?
base64string = base64.encodestring(
' %s:%s ' % (username, password))[: - 1 ] # 注意哦,这里最后会自动添加一个\n
authheader = " Basic %s " % base64string
req.add_header( " Authorization " , authheader)
try :
handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except IOError, e:
# here we shouldn't fail if the username/password is right
print " It looks like the username or password is wrong. "
sys.exit( 1 )
thepage = handle.read()
再来是PHP的:
$fp = fsockopen ( " www.mydomain.com " , 80 );
fputs ( $fp , " GET /downloads HTTP/1.0 " );
fputs ( $fp , " Host: www.mydomain.com " );
fputs ( $fp , " Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode ( " user:pass " ) . "" );
fpassthru ( $fp );
?>
还有flash的AS3的:
import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
import mx.utils.Base64Encoder;
import mx.rpc.http.HTTPService;
URLRequestDefaults.authenticate = false ; // 设默认为false,否则用户较验错误时会弹出验证框
private var result:XML;
private function initApp(): void
{
var base64enc:Base64Encoder = new Base64Encoder;
base64enc.encode( " user:password " ); // 用户名和密码需要Base64编码
var user:String = base64enc.toString();
var http:HTTPService = new HTTPService;
http.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT,resultHandler); // 监听返回事件
http.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT,faultHandler); // 监听失败事件
http.resultFormat = " e4x " ; // 返回格式
http.url = " http://api.digu.com/statuses/friends_timeline.xml " ; 以嘀咕网的API为列
http.headers = { " Authorization " : " Basic " + user};
http.send();
}
private function resultHandler(e:ResultEvent): void
{
result = XML(e.result);
test.dataProvider = result.status; // 绑定数据
}
private function faultHandler(e:ResultEvent): void
{
// 处理失败
}
还有Ruby On Rails的:
before_filter :verify_access
def show
@document = @user.documents.find(params[:id])
end
# Use basic authentication in my realm to get a user object .
# Since this is a security filter - return false if the user is not
# authenticated.
def verify_access
authenticate_or_request_with_http_basic( " Documents Realm " ) do |username, password|
@user = User.authenticate(username, password)
end
end
end
汗,忘记JavaScript的了:
function make_base_auth(user, password) {
var tok = user + ' : ' + pass;
var hash = Base64.encode(tok);
return " Basic " + hash;
}
var auth = make_basic_auth( ' QLeelulu ' , ' mypassword ' );
var url = ' http://example.com ' ;
// 原始JavaScript
xml = new XMLHttpRequest();
xml.setRequestHeader( ' Authorization ' , auth);
xml.open( ' GET ' ,url)
// ExtJS
Ext.Ajax.request({
url : url,
method : ' GET ' ,
headers : { Authorization : auth }
});
// jQuery
$.ajax({
url : url,
method : ' GET ' ,
beforeSend : function (req) {
req.setRequestHeader( ' Authorization ' , auth);
}
});
这里提醒下,HTTP Basic Authentication对于跨域又要发送post请求的用JavaScript是实现不了的(注:对于Chrome插件这类允许通过AJAX访问跨域资源的,是可以的)。。
厄~~完!无聊的文章~~~