Thread-specific data


Typical applications that are not threaded use global storage. When changing the application or application services to run in a multithreaded application, you must use a synchronization technique to protect global storage from being changed by multiple threads at the same time. Thread-specific data allows a thread to maintain its own global storage that is hidden from the other threads.

Due to the design of the application, threads may not function correctly if they share the global storage of the application. If eliminating the global storage is not feasible, you should consider using thread-specific data.

Consider the example of a server that stores information about the client and the current transaction in global storage. This server would never be able to share the client information in a multithreaded environment without significant redesign. The application could instead pass the client information from function to function instead of using the global client information.

However, the application could maintain the client and transaction information in thread-specific data more easily than it could be modified to eliminate the use of global storage. When each new thread is created, the thread would use a global identifier (or key) to create and store its thread-specific data. Each client (thread) would then have unique but global client data.

In addition, some application programming interface (API) sets provide a way for the system to automatically call a data destructor function that cleans up the thread-specific data when a thread ends.

Use the following as examples for your program:

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pthread_setspecific函数用于将特定于线程的数据(Thread-specific data)存储在线程的指定键值(key)中。在多线程环境下,每个线程都可以拥有自己独立的数据副本,互不干扰,从而实现线程间数据隔离。 函数声明如下: ```c int pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t key, const void *value); ``` 其中,`key`是线程特定数据的键值,`value`是要存储的数据指针。 使用该函数步骤如下: 1. 在主线程中调用 `pthread_key_create` 函数创建键值 `key`。 2. 在子线程中调用 `pthread_setspecific` 函数,将线程特定数据存储在键值 `key` 中。 3. 在子线程中需要使用线程特定数据时,调用 `pthread_getspecific` 函数获取数据。 下面是一个简单的示例: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> pthread_key_t key; // 定义线程特定数据的键值 void* thread_func(void* arg) { int* value = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); *value = (int)arg; pthread_setspecific(key, value); // 将线程特定数据存储在key对应的键值中 printf("Thread %d: value=%d\n", (int)arg, *value); return NULL; } int main() { int i; pthread_key_create(&key, NULL); // 创建线程特定数据的键值 pthread_t threads[5]; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_func, (void*)i); } for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { pthread_join(threads[i], NULL); } return 0; } ``` 在该示例中,主线程中先通过 `pthread_key_create` 函数创建了线程特定数据的键值 `key`。然后创建了5个子线程,在每个子线程中调用 `pthread_setspecific` 函数将线程编号存储在 `key` 对应的键值中。最后,主线程等待所有子线程结束后退出。 运行该示例,输出结果如下: ``` Thread 0: value=0 Thread 1: value=1 Thread 2: value=2 Thread 3: value=3 Thread 4: value=4 ``` 可以看到,每个子线程输出的 `value` 值都不同,说明每个线程都成功地将自己的线程编号存储在了 `key` 对应的键值中。
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