5 Java 死锁详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 15:45:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 15:45:48 发布

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分类专栏：多线程与JUC 文章标签： java 数据库开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/miudashu/article/details/128332942

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死锁产生的原因

多个线程各自占有一些共享资源，并且互相等待其他线程占有的资源才能运行，而导致两个或者多个线程都在等待对方释放释放资源，都停止执行的情形。某一个同步块同时拥有“两个以上对象的锁”时，就可能会发生“死锁”的问题。

死锁避免方法

产生死锁的四个必要条件：

互斥条件：一个资源每次只能被一个进程使用。
请求与保持条件：一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时，对已获得的资源保持不放。
不剥夺条件：进程已获得资源，在未使用完之前，不能强行剥夺。
循环等待条件：若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系。

上面列出了死锁的四个必要条件：我们只要想办法破其中的任意一个或多个条件就可以避免死锁发生

案例：

public class Demo31_DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args)  {
        Makeup makeup = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup makeup1 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
        makeup.start();
        makeup1.start();
    }
}

class Lipstick{}

class Mirror{}

class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份,用static保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {//获取镜子锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {//2s 后获取口红锁
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
解决：一个锁只锁一个对象（锁不要嵌套）

private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
    if (choice == 0) {
        synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
            System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红锁");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        synchronized (mirror) {//一秒后想获得镜子
            System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
        }
    } else {
        synchronized (mirror) {//获取镜子锁
            System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }
        synchronized (lipstick) {//2s 后获取口红锁
            System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红锁");
        }
    }
}

定位死锁的方法

使用 jps 定位进程 id，再用 jstack id 定位死锁，找到死锁的线程去查看源码，解决优化

"Thread-1" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000001eb69000 nid=0xd40 waiting formonitor entry [0x000000001f54f000]
	java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
#省略    
"Thread-1" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000001eb69000 nid=0xd40 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000001f54f000]
	java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
#省略

Found one Java-level deadlock:
===================================================
"Thread-1":
    waiting to lock monitor 0x000000000361d378 (object 0x000000076b5bf1c0, a java.lang.Object),
    which is held by "Thread-0"
"Thread-0":
    waiting to lock monitor 0x000000000361e768 (object 0x000000076b5bf1d0, a java.lang.Object),
    which is held by "Thread-1"
    
Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
"Thread-1":
    at thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$1(TestDeadLock.java:28)
    - waiting to lock <0x000000076b5bf1c0> (a java.lang.Object)
    - locked <0x000000076b5bf1d0> (a java.lang.Object)
    at thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$2/883049899.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
"Thread-0":
    at thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$0(TestDeadLock.java:15)
    - waiting to lock <0x000000076b5bf1d0> (a java.lang.Object)
    - locked <0x000000076b5bf1c0> (a java.lang.Object)
    at thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$1/495053715