You can choose every column except those listed in a regex based specification. This is query columns by exclusion. See below:
A SELECT statement can take regex-based column specification in Hive releases prior to 0.13.0, or in 0.13.0 and later releases if the configuration property hive.support.quoted.identifiers is set to none.
That being said you could create a new table or view using the following, and all the columns except the columns specified will be returned:
hive.support.quoted.identifiers=none;
drop table if exists database.table_name;
create table if not exists database.table_name as
select `(column_to_remove_1|...|column_to_remove_N)?+.+`
from database.some_table
where
--...
;