快速批量安装部署Centos7.9服务器

本文主要介绍通过客户端的网络自动链接服务器的PXE环境实现的客端系统快速安装部署。具体PXE的介绍亲们在网络上自己查找资料学习。

一、基础环境

Centos7.9的服务器一台

Centos7.9的安装光盘（iso文件）

yum install -y syslinux system-config-kickstart

yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" -y

二、网络环境

客户端服务器和服务器端服务器之间的80端口和tftp端口能互相通讯

需要能够访问互联网，不是必备条件。

三、部署方法

1、在服务器上搭建DHCP服务

yum install dhcp -y

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
#   see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#

subnet 192.168.126.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.126.100 192.168.126.200;
    option routers 192.168.126.2;
    option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
#    option domain-name "example.com";
    filename "pxelinux.0";
    next-server 192.168.126.131;  # PXE服务器的IP地址
}

systemctl enable --now dhcpd

2、在服务器上搭建tftp服务

yum install tftd-hpa -y

systemctl enable --now tftp

默认tftp路径：

cd /var/lib/tftpboot/

修改tftp路径：

vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = yes
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

3、通过本地安装光盘获取内核文件

将光盘或ISO文件放入光驱

mkdir /mnt/cdrom

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

cd /var/lib/tftpboot/

cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/syslinux-version-architecture.rpm .

rpm2cpio syslinux-version-architecture.rpm | cpio -dimv

cp usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

4、通过本地安装光盘获取img文件

cd /var/lib/tftpboot/

cp /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/initrd.img .

5、在服务器上配置安装引导文件

cd /var/lib/tftpboot/

cp usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 .

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/pxelinux.cfg

vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/pxelinux.cfg/default

default menu.c32
prompt 1
timeout 600


#menu title PXE Boot Menu

label 1
    menu label ^1) Install CentOS 7 (graphical)
    kernel vmlinuz
    append initrd=initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.repo=hd:UUID=05be16d6-47e1-4dd9-8766-f6d941964f16:/mnt/cdrom method=http://192.168.126.131:8080/centos

label 2
    menu label ^2) Install CentOS 7 (auto)
    menu default
    kernel vmlinuz
    append initrd=initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.repo=hd:UUID=05be16d6-47e1-4dd9-8766-f6d941964f16:/mnt/cdrom method=http://192.168.126.131:8080/centos ks=http://192.168.126.131:8080/ks.cfg

6、在服务器上搭建http服务

yum install tomcat -y

vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml

(添加/etc/tomcat/webapps和/mnt/cdrom的两行)

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->
         <Context path="/" docBase="/etc/tomcat/webapps" reloadable="true"></Context>
         <Context path="/centos" docBase="/mnt/cdrom" reloadable="true"></Context>
        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>

vim /etc/tomcat/web.xml

(启用列表功能)

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>debug</param-name>
            <param-value>0</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>listings</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

7、在服务器上配置安装配置文件

vi /etc/tomcat/webapps/ks.cfg

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorszation information
firstboot --disable
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp
# Reboot after installation
# System timezone
rootpw ms@D312
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.126.131:8080/centos"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=512
part /home --fstype="xfs" --size=5000
part / --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1
reboot

8、客户端安装配置

修改启动顺序为网络启动，然后就开始自动安装，安装时间大概20分钟，具体根据不同的操作系统而定。