写在前面
《How Tomcat Works》读书笔记系列博客主要对该书中的源码进行注解,顺便梳理了Tomcat处理http请求的流程,以及流程中涉及到的组件。本人非常喜欢这本书讲解源码的方式,从实现一个简单的服务器开始,到慢慢扩充其他功能组件,让读者不会一下子陷入到源码的海洋中而晕头转向。虽然该书是对Tomcat4&Tomcat5的上古版本进行讲解,但是不妨碍我们学习tomcat中的编码实践、设计思想和架构,阅读该书或者本系列博客时,建议配合《How Tomcat Works》的源码,博客中也只是贴出部分源码,完整源码下载地址:https://brainysoftware.com/source/9780975212806.zip
简介
第一章提供了一个非常简单的web"服务器",服务器之所以加引号,就是因为它简单到只有三个类:
- HttpServer: 接受客户端请求
- Request:简单的请求类,通过InputStream读取解析请求的uri
- Response::简单的响应类,通过FileInputstream读取静态资源,并传入到Socket的OutputStream中,回传给客户端
源码
HttpServer
public class HttpServer {
/**
* 静态文件存放目录
*/
public static final String WEB_ROOT =
System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "webroot";
// shutdown command
private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";
// the shutdown command received
private boolean shutdown = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
server.await();
}
public void await() {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
int port = 8080;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
// 循环等待客户端请求,BIO单线程模型
while (!shutdown) {
Socket socket = null;
InputStream input = null;
OutputStream output = null;
try {
socket = serverSocket.accept();
input = socket.getInputStream();
output = socket.getOutputStream();
// 传入字节输入流,读取http请求报文
Request request = new Request(input);
request.parse();
// 传入字节输出流,发送响应数据(这里是静态文件)
Response response = new Response(output);
response.setRequest(request);
response.sendStaticResource();
// Close the socket
socket.close();
//check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
continue;
}
}
}
}
HttpServer采用的是BIO的单线程模型,一个客户端请求到来,服务器从serverSocket.accept()
方法返回,并且其他的客户端请求会陷入阻塞,直到服务器处理完当前请求,才会处理下一请求。
作为众多Java的Socket网络编程教程中的入门级demo,这里不做多余的阐述。
Request
public class Request {
private InputStream input;
private String uri;
public Request(InputStream input) {
this.input = input;
}
public void parse() {
// Read a set of characters from the socket
StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
int i;
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
try {
i = input.read(buffer);
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
i = -1;
}
for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
request.append((char) buffer[j]);
}
System.out.print(request.toString());
uri = parseUri(request.toString());
}
// 对uri进行简单的处理
private String parseUri(String requestString) {
int index1, index2;
index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
if (index1 != -1) {
index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1);
if (index2 > index1)
return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
}
return null;
}
public String getUri() {
return uri;
}
}
需要注意的是:Request类读取输入流数据,并没有采用循环的形式,而是用了一个长度为2048的byte[]数组读取一次数据。在http请求报文数据较多的情况下,会产生数据截断。
Response
public class Response {
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
Request request;
OutputStream output;
public Response(OutputStream output) {
this.output = output;
}
public void setRequest(Request request) {
this.request = request;
}
public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
File file = new File(HttpServer.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
if (file.exists()) {
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
while (ch!=-1) {
output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
}
}
else {
// file not found
String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 23\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"<h1>File Not Found</h1>";
output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
// thrown if cannot instantiate a File object
System.out.println(e.toString() );
}
finally {
if (fis!=null)
fis.close();
}
}
}
流程图
注:流程图就是对源码处理请求的过程做了另一种形式的转化,主要是加深对服务器处理请求过程的理解
运行程序
浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8080/index.html