Servlet之图片验证码实现（无插件原生写法）

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 14:12:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 14:12:46 发布

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分类专栏： Servlet

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mmake1994/article/details/81025363

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一、思路

图片验证的实现，我们可以直接将生成图片的代码和文字资源结合在一起，通过后台去读取文字资源中的文字，将资源文件放入/WEB-INF/new_words.txt

二、前端代码

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>


<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
<title>登录页面</title>
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function checkImg(object){
            object.src="/mark/checkWord?time=" + new Date().getTime();
        }
    </script>
</head>
  
<body>
    <form action="/C3P0Test/UserSQL" method="post">
        <div>
            用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
        </div>
        <div>
            密码:<input type="password" name="password">
        </div>
        <div>
            验证码:<input type="text" name="checkWord">
            <span>
                <img alt="" src="/mark/checkWord" onclick="checkImg(this)">
            </span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <input type="submit" value="提交">
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

三、后台代码

package com.java.check;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 验证码生成程序
 * 
 * 
 * 
 */
public class CheckWord extends HttpServlet {

	// 集合中保存所有成语
	private List<String> words = new ArrayList<String>();

	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// 初始化阶段，读取new_words.txt
		// web工程中读取 文件，必须使用绝对磁盘路径
		String path = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/new_words.txt");
		try {
			BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
			String line;
			while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
				words.add(line);
			}
			reader.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 禁止缓存
		// response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
		// response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
		// response.setDateHeader("Expires", -1);

		int width = 120;
		int height = 30;

		// 步骤一 绘制一张内存中图片
		BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height,
				BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

		// 步骤二 图片绘制背景颜色 ---通过绘图对象
		Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics();// 得到画图对象 --- 画笔
		// 绘制任何图形之前 都必须指定一个颜色
		graphics.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
		graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

		// 步骤三 绘制边框
		graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
		graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);

		// 步骤四 四个随机数字
		Graphics2D graphics2d = (Graphics2D) graphics;
		// 设置输出字体
		graphics2d.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 18));

		Random random = new Random();// 生成随机数
		int index = random.nextInt(words.size());
		String word = words.get(index);// 获得成语

		// 定义x坐标
		int x = 10;
		for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
			// 随机颜色
			graphics2d.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random
					.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
			// 旋转 -30 --- 30度
			int jiaodu = random.nextInt(60) - 30;
			// 换算弧度
			double theta = jiaodu * Math.PI / 180;

			// 获得字母数字
			char c = word.charAt(i);

			// 将c 输出到图片
			graphics2d.rotate(theta, x, 20);
			graphics2d.drawString(String.valueOf(c), x, 20);
			graphics2d.rotate(-theta, x, 20);
			x += 30;
		}

		// 将验证码内容保存session
		request.getSession().setAttribute("checkcode_session", word);

		// 步骤五 绘制干扰线
		graphics.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
		int x1;
		int x2;
		int y1;
		int y2;
		for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
			x1 = random.nextInt(width);
			x2 = random.nextInt(12);
			y1 = random.nextInt(height);
			y2 = random.nextInt(12);
			graphics.drawLine(x1, y1, x1 + x2, x2 + y2);
		}

		// 将上面图片输出到浏览器 ImageIO
		graphics.dispose();// 释放资源
		
		//将图片写到response.getOutputStream()中
		ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());

	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * 取其某一范围的color
	 * 
	 * @param fc
	 *            int 范围参数1
	 * @param bc
	 *            int 范围参数2
	 * @return Color
	 */
	private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
		// 取其随机颜色
		Random random = new Random();
		if (fc > 255) {
			fc = 255;
		}
		if (bc > 255) {
			bc = 255;
		}
		int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
		int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
		int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
		return new Color(r, g, b);
	}

}