同步工具 semaphore countdownlatch使用小结

semaphore 控制访问共享资源的最大线程数  semaphore.acquire获得许可证    semaphore.release释放许可证

下面这个代码最多运行3个打印机工作，

初始许可证的数目为3 semaphore = new Semaphore(3);

public class PrintQueue {
   /**
    * 信号量控制打印者的访问
    */
   private Semaphore semaphore;

   /**
    * 控制空闲打印者的数组
    */
   private boolean freePrinters[];

   /**
    * 控制访问freePrinters数组的锁
    */
   private Lock lockPrinters;

   private final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss.SSS");

   public PrintQueue() {
      semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
      freePrinters = new boolean[3];
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
         freePrinters[i] = true;
      }
      lockPrinters = new ReentrantLock();
   }

   /**
    *   run 方法会执行这个方法
    * @param document
    */
   public void printJob(Object document) {
      String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
      try {
         // 获取信号量, 会抛出InterruptedException异常
         semaphore.acquire();

         System.out.println(name + " 获得信号量  at : " + sdf.format(new Date()));

         // 取得空闲打印者的索引   就是第几个打印机空闲
         int assignedPrinter = getPrinter();

         Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10);
         System.out.printf("%s: PrintQueue: Printing a Job in Printer %d during %d seconds\n", name,
               assignedPrinter, duration);
         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration);

         // 打印工作结束后 标记为空闲
         freePrinters[assignedPrinter] = true;
         System.out.println(semaphore.getQueueLength());
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {
         System.out.println(name + " 释放信号量  at : " + sdf.format(new Date()) + "\r\n");

         semaphore.release();
      }
   }

   private int getPrinter() {
      int ret = -1;

      try {
         // 获取锁
         lockPrinters.lock();

         for (int i = 0; i < freePrinters.length; i++) {
            if (freePrinters[i]) {
               ret = i;
               freePrinters[i] = false;
               break;
            }
         }

      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {
         lockPrinters.unlock();
      }

      return ret;
   }
}

最开始线程 2 3 6 获得信号量 然后 6释放信号量 这样7才获得信号量，也就是访问共享资源的线程最多就3个。

countdownlatch 控制一些线程等待其他一些操作完成。比如会议，会议有12个人准备参加，countdownlatch计数器就是12，来一个人，countdown一次，主线程执行countdownlatch.await()方法，直到12人都参加会议，countdownlatch计数器为0，主线程才能继续执行下去。