d=$(diff <(echo "$test1" |sed 's/./&\n/g') <(echo "$test2" |sed 's/./&\n/g') | grep -c '^[<>]')
echo $((100-100*d/(${#test1}+${#test2})))%
e.g.
liuyd@inn:~$ test1="12345"
liuyd@inn:~$ test2="12344"
liuyd@inn:~$ d=$(diff <(echo "$test1" |sed 's/./&\n/g') <(echo "$test2" |sed 's/./&\n/g') | grep -c '^[<>]')
liuyd@inn:~$ echo $((100-100*d/(${#test1}+${#test2})))%
80%