循环控制
1.break 命令
break 命令是退出循环的一种简单方法。你可以用 break 命令退出任意类型的循环,包括while 循环和 until 循环。
(1)跳出单个循环
shell 在执行 break 命令时会尝试跳出当前正在执行的循环:
$ cat test17
#!/bin/bash
# breaking out of a for loop
for var1 in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
do
if [ $var1 -eq 5 ]
then
break
fi
echo "Iteration number: $var1"
done
echo "The for loop is completed"
$ ./test17
Iteration number: 1
Iteration number: 2
Iteration number: 3
Iteration number: 4
The for loop is completed
$
同样适用于 while 循环和 until 循环:
$ cat test18
#!/bin/bash
# breaking out of a while loop
var1=1
while [ $var1 -lt 10 ]
do
if [ $var1 -eq 5 ]
then
break
fi
echo "Iteration: $var1"
var1=$[ $var1 + 1 ]
done
echo "The while loop is completed"
$ ./test18
Iteration: 1
Iteration: 2
Iteration: 3
Iteration: 4
The while loop is completed
$
(2)跳出内层循环
在处理多个循环时,break 命令会自动结束你所在的最内层循环:
$ cat test19
#!/bin/bash
# breaking out of an inner loop
for (( a = 1; a < 4; a++ ))
do
echo "Outer loop: $a"
for (( b = 1; b < 100; b++ ))
do
if [ $b -eq 5 ]
then
break
fi
echo " Inner loop: $b"
done
done
$ ./test19
Outer loop: 1
Inner loop: 1
Inner loop: 2
Inner loop: 3
Inner loop: 4
Outer loop: 2
Inner loop: 1
Inner loop: 2
Inner loop: 3
Inner loop: 4
Outer loop: 3
Inner loop: 1
Inner loop: 2
Inner loop: 3
Inner loop: 4
$
(3)跳出外层循环
有时你位于内层循环,但需要结束外层循环。break 命令接受单个命令行参数:
break n
其中 n 指定了要跳出的循环层级。在默认情况下,n 为 1,表明跳出的是当前循环。
如果将 n 设为 2,那么 break 命令就会停止下一级的外层循环:
$ cat test20
#!/bin/bash
# breaking out of an outer loop
for (( a = 1; a < 4; a++ ))
do
echo "Outer loop: $a"
for (( b = 1; b < 100; b++ ))
do
if [ $b -gt 4 ]
then
break 2
fi
echo " Inner loop: $b"
done
done
$ ./test20
Outer loop: 1
Inner loop: 1
Inner loop: 2
Inner loop: 3
Inner loop: 4
$