string 类的实现

string类的实现，主要包含这几个函数：构造、拷贝构造、析构、赋值、比较、字符串相加、获取长度及子串。

下面是代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>


using namespace std;


class String
{
	public:
		String(const char* str = NULL ); //普通构造函数
		String(const String & other);  //拷贝构造函数
		~String(void);   //析构函数
		String& operator = (const String& other); //赋值函数
		
		String operator+(const String& other);
		bool operator==(const String& other);  //判断字符串是否相等
		int length(); //字符串长度
		String substr(int start, int n); //取子串
		friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& o, const String& other);
	private:
		char *m_data;
		int size;
};


String::String(const char *str)
{
	if(str == NULL)
	{
		m_data = new char[1];
		*m_data = '\0';
	}
	else
	{
	        size = strlen(str);
		m_data = new char[size+1];
		strcpy(m_data,str);
	}
		
}


String::String(const String& other)
{
	size = other.size;
	m_data = new char[other.size+1];
	strcpy(m_data, other.m_data);
}


String::~String(void)
{
	delete [] m_data;
}


String& String::operator=(const String& other)
{
	if(this == &other)     //这里检查是否自赋值
		return *this;
	delete [] m_data;
	size = other.size;
	m_data = new char[size+1];
	strcpy(m_data,other.m_data);
	return *this;  //返回当前对象
}


String String::operator+(const String& other)
{
	String newStr;
	delete [] newStr.m_data;
	newStr.size = size+other.size;
	newStr.m_data = new char[newStr.size+1];
	strcpy(newStr.m_data,m_data);
	strcpy(newStr.m_data+size,other.m_data);
	return newStr;
}


bool String::operator==(const String& other)
{
	return strcmp(m_data,other.m_data) == 0;
}


int String::length()
{
	return size;
}


String String::substr(int start, int n)
{
	String newStr;
	delete [] newStr.m_data;
	newStr.m_data = new char[n+1];
	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
		newStr.m_data[i] = m_data[start+i];
	newStr.m_data[n] = '\0';
	newStr.size = n;
	return newStr;
}




ostream&  operator<< (ostream& o, const String& other)
{
	o<<other.m_data;
	return o;	
}


int main()
{
	String str1("hello");
	String str2("world");
	String str3(str2);
	String str4 = str1+str2;
	cout <<"str1->" << str1<< " size->" <<str1.length()<< endl;
	cout <<"str4->" << str4 << " size->" << str4.length()<< endl;
	
	String str5("helloworld");	
	if(str4 == str5)
		cout << "str4 the same as str5" << endl;
	else
		cout << "str4 is not the same as str5" << endl;
	cout << str4.substr(6,5)<< " size->" << str4.substr(6,5).length()<<endl;
	return 0;
}

执行结果：