MySQL安装、配置、优化

一、 环境准备

1. 下载软件包
   wget http://test.hexin.cn/software/mysql-5.7.9.tar.gz -P /usr/local/src/
   wget http://test.hexin.cn/software/cmake-3.4.0.tar.gz -P /usr/local/src/
   wget http://test.hexin.cn/software/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -P /usr/local/src/
2. 安装基础软件
   yum -y install make gcc-c++ bison-devel ncurses-devel

二、 安装配置MySQL

1. 编译安装cmake
   tar zxvf /usr/local/src/cmake-3.4.0.tar.gz
   cd /usr/local/src/cmake-3.4.0
   ./configure && make && make install

2. 编译安装boost（编译时不加boost，可以不用安装此软件）
   tar zxvf /usr/local/src/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/boost/
   cd /usr/local/boost/
   ./bootstrap.sh
   ./b2

3. 新增用户用户组
   groupadd mysql
   useradd mysql -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin

4. 编译安装MySQL
   tar zxvf /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.9.tar.gz
   cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.9/

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

make
make install

cmake参数说明

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql [MySQL安装的根目录]

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql [MySQL数据库文件存放目录]

-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc [MySQL配置文件所在目录]

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [MySQL的UNIX socket文件目录]

-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 [允许下载BOOST]

-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost [指定BOOST安装路径]

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [支持InnoDB存储引擎]

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [支持MYISAM存储引擎]

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [支持Archive引擎]

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [支持BLACKHOLE引擎]

-DWITH_READLINE=1[支持readline库]

-DWITH_SSL=system[通讯时支持ssl协议]

-DWITH_ZLIB=system[允许使用zlib library]

-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 [不支持libwrap库]

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8[设置默认字符集为utf8]

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci[设置默认字符校对]

5. 修改权限
   chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/

6. 初始化MySQL
   cd /usr/local/mysql

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

初始化成功后会生成一个root用户的临时密码，首次登录mysql后需要先修改这个临时密码

7. 配置my.cnf 编译的时候制定在/etc目录下
   [client]

port = 3306

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

user=mysql

character-set-server=utf8

symbolic-links=0

open_files_limit = 102400

max_connections=2000

skip-name-resolve

#skip-grant-tables

slow_query_log = ‘on’

long_query_time=1

slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log

tmp_table_size=256M

key_buffer_size=512M

read_buffer_size=32M

sort_buffer_size=32M

query_cache_limit=1M

query_cache_size=16M

#INNODB

default-storage-engine=INNODB

innodb_buffer_pool_size=8G

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 32M

innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

innodb_read_io_threads = 8

innodb_write_io_threads = 8

innodb_log_file_size=265M

innodb_log_buffer_size=8M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=90

innodb_file_per_table=1

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_file_io_threads=4

innodb_open_files = 1000

read_only

server-id = 1

log-bin=mysql-bin

log-slave-updates

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = mixed

max_binlog_cache_size = 1G

max_binlog_size = 1G

auto_increment_offset=1

auto_increment_increment=2

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

replicate-do-db =all

8. 配置环境变量
   vim /etc/profile

PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:${PATH}

export PATH

source /etc/profile

9. 启动mysql，并加入开机自启动
   cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

service mysqld start

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

数据库启动时报错找不到pid 这时就要给/usr/local/mysql/data目录加755的权限、

10. 配置root密码，开通root权限
    mysql –uroot -p2qP3PlPZiN;s

mysql>alter user ‘root’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘10jqka@123’;(或者下面grant也行)

mysql>grant all privileges on . to ‘root’@’%’ identified by “10jqka@123”

Mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>exit

如果你格式化时候没有保留初始密码 是进不去数据库的 这时你要

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables &

mysql>use mysql

mysql>update mysql.user set password=password(‘10jqka@123’) where user=‘root’ ;

Mysql>flush privileges;

特别注意：mysql5.7以上版本启动默认路径是/usr/local目录下，如果你安装目录更改，那么要修改启动文件：

vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

找到如下二行：

basedir=

datadir=

修改为：

basedir=安装的mysql目录

datadir=mysql的数据目录

然后再启动。不然会报错无法更新pid文件