【AV1代码研究一】万事开头难——aomenc main函数分析
熟话说万事开头难，终于要开始正经研究AV1的代码了，从main函数开始，下面以代码注释的形式进行代码分析，如果有错漏欢迎大家不吝指出，先谢过。
重要的结构体
AvxInputContext
标识输入文件特征的结构体。
struct AvxInputContext {
const char *filename;
FILE *file;
int64_t length;
struct FileTypeDetectionBuffer detect;//输入文件buffer
enum VideoFileType file_type;//枚举类型 FILE_TYPE_OBU, FILE_TYPE_RAW,
// FILE_TYPE_IVF, FILE_TYPE_Y4M,
// FILE_TYPE_WEBM
uint32_t width;
uint32_t height;
struct AvxRational pixel_aspect_ratio;//结构体类型，包括一个int型分子和int
//型分母，从变量名看用于标识像素长宽比。
aom_img_fmt_t fmt;//枚举类型，标识图像格式。
aom_bit_depth_t bit_depth;//枚举类型，标识像素位深。AOM_BITS_8
// AOM_BITS_10
// AOM_BITS_12
int only_i420;
uint32_t fourcc;
struct AvxRational framerate;//结构体类型，包括一个int型分子和int
//型分母，从变量名看用于标识帧率。
#if CONFIG_AV1_ENCODER
y4m_input y4m;//y4m输入，用于转码？
#endif
};
AvxEncoderConfig
该结构体大部分成员用于存放命令行参数。命令行参数详见aomenc.exe命令行参数简析。只有
/* Configuration elements common to all streams. */
struct AvxEncoderConfig {
const struct AvxInterface *codec; //包含编\解码器私有的函数指针和数据。该结构对于应用程序是不可见的。
//该指针（codec）是常量指针，指向的内容无法被修改。
int passes;
int pass;
int usage;
ColorInputType color_type;
int quiet;
int verbose;
int limit;
int skip_frames;
int show_psnr;
enum TestDecodeFatality test_decode;
int have_framerate;
struct aom_rational framerate;
int debug;
int show_q_hist_buckets;
int show_rate_hist_buckets;
int disable_warnings;
int disable_warning_prompt;
int experimental_bitstream;
aom_chroma_sample_position_t csp;
cfg_options_t encoder_config;
};
stream_state
一个单链表结构体，用于存储编码配置和指向下一组编码参数。
struct stream_state {
int index;
struct stream_state *next;//指向下一个stream_state
struct stream_config config;//该段stream的配置，包含aom_codec_enc_cfg
FILE *file;
struct rate_hist *rate_hist;
struct WebmOutputContext webm_ctx;
uint64_t psnr_sse_total;
uint64_t psnr_samples_total;
double psnr_totals[4];
int psnr_count;
int counts[64];
aom_codec_ctx_t encoder;//指定的编码器
unsigned int frames_out;
uint64_t cx_time;
size_t nbytes;
stats_io_t stats;
struct aom_image *img;
aom_codec_ctx_t decoder;//指定的解码器
int mismatch_seen;
unsigned int chroma_subsampling_x;
unsigned int chroma_subsampling_y;
};
代码注释
int main(int argc, const char **argv_) {
int pass;
aom_image_t raw;
aom_image_t raw_shift;
int allocated_raw_shift = 0;
int use_16bit_internal = 0;
int input_shift = 0;
int frame_avail, got_data;
struct AvxInputContext input;//用于读取输入文件特征
struct AvxEncoderConfig global;//用于读取编码配置
struct stream_state *streams = NULL;//一个单链表，每个节点都有对应的编码配置
//和码流输出信息，猜测是用于多路输出编码。
char **argv, **argi;
uint64_t cx_time = 0;
int stream_cnt = 0;
int res = 0;
int profile_updated = 0;
memset(&input, 0, sizeof(input));
exec_name = argv_[0];
/* Setup default input stream settings */
input.framerate.numerator = 30;
input.framerate.denominator = 1;
input.only_i420 = 1;
input.bit_depth = 0;
/* First parse the global configuration values, because we want to apply
* other parameters on top of the default configuration provided by the
* codec.
*/
argv = argv_dup(argc - 1, argv_ + 1);//将命令行输入的命令复制一份
parse_global_config(&global, &argv);//将命令初始化到AvxEncoderConfig结构体中
//parse_global_config()这个函数首先以默认参数初始化少数变量，然后解析命令行或cfg
//文件（只能有1个cfg文件）覆盖初始配置，最后检测配置合法性。
if (argc < 2) usage_exit();
switch (global.color_type) {
case I420: input.fmt = AOM_IMG_FMT_I420; break;
case I422: input.fmt = AOM_IMG_FMT_I422; break;
case I444: input.fmt = AOM_IMG_FMT_I444; break;
case YV12: input.fmt = AOM_IMG_FMT_YV12; break;
}
{
/* Now parse each stream's parameters. Using a local scope here
* due to the use of 'stream' as loop variable in FOREACH_STREAM
* loops
*/
struct stream_state *stream = NULL;
//下方的do-while循环将配置填充到一个或多个stream中。
//golbal提供基本的全局配置，命令行或cfg文件输入的参数为具体配置。
//“--”为 end-of-stream标识，用以隔开给不同stream的配置。
do {
stream = new_stream(&global, stream);
stream_cnt++;
if (!streams) streams = stream;
} while (parse_stream_params(&global, stream, argv));
}
/* Check for unrecognized options */
for (argi = argv; *argi; argi++)
if (argi[0][0] == '-' && argi[0][1])
die("Error: Unrecognized option %s\n", *argi);
//配置检测
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
check_encoder_config(global.disable_warning_prompt, &global,
&stream->config.cfg);
// If large_scale_tile = 1, only support to output to ivf format.
if (stream->config.cfg.large_scale_tile && !stream->config.write_ivf)
die("only support ivf output format while large-scale-tile=1\n");
}
/* Handle non-option arguments */
input.filename = argv[0];
if (!input.filename) {
fprintf(stderr, "No input file specified!\n");
usage_exit();
}
/* Decide if other chroma subsamplings than 4:2:0 are supported */
if (global.codec->fourcc == AV1_FOURCC) input.only_i420 = 0;
//下方的for循环完成所有pass和pass内所有stream的码流生成。
//首先进行一系列的配置过程，如配置输入图像的宽高、位深、帧率、profile和编码帧数等。详细内容见代码原本的英文注释。
for (pass = global.pass ? global.pass - 1 : 0; pass < global.passes; pass++) {
int frames_in = 0, seen_frames = 0;
int64_t estimated_time_left = -1;
int64_t average_rate = -1;
int64_t lagged_count = 0;
open_input_file(&input, global.csp);
/* If the input file doesn't specify its w/h (raw files), try to get
* the data from the first stream's configuration.
*/
if (!input.width || !input.height) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
if (stream->config.cfg.g_w && stream->config.cfg.g_h) {
input.width = stream->config.cfg.g_w;
input.height = stream->config.cfg.g_h;
break;
}
};
}
/* Update stream configurations from the input file's parameters */
if (!input.width || !input.height)
fatal(
"Specify stream dimensions with --width (-w) "
" and --height (-h)");
/* If input file does not specify bit-depth but input-bit-depth parameter
* exists, assume that to be the input bit-depth. However, if the
* input-bit-depth paramter does not exist, assume the input bit-depth
* to be the same as the codec bit-depth.
*/
if (!input.bit_depth) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
if (stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth)
input.bit_depth = stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth;
else
input.bit_depth = stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth =
(int)stream->config.cfg.g_bit_depth;
}
if (input.bit_depth > 8) input.fmt |= AOM_IMG_FMT_HIGHBITDEPTH;
} else {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth = input.bit_depth;
}
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
if (input.fmt != AOM_IMG_FMT_I420 && input.fmt != AOM_IMG_FMT_I42016) {
/* Automatically upgrade if input is non-4:2:0 but a 4:2:0 profile
was selected. */
switch (stream->config.cfg.g_profile) {
case 0:
if (input.bit_depth < 12 && (input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I444 ||
input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I44416)) {
if (!stream->config.cfg.monochrome) {
stream->config.cfg.g_profile = 1;
profile_updated = 1;
}
} else if (input.bit_depth == 12 || input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I422 ||
input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I42216) {
stream->config.cfg.g_profile = 2;
profile_updated = 1;
}
break;
case 1:
if (input.bit_depth == 12 || input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I422 ||
input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I42216) {
stream->config.cfg.g_profile = 2;
profile_updated = 1;
} else if (input.bit_depth < 12 &&
(input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I420 ||
input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I42016)) {
stream->config.cfg.g_profile = 0;
profile_updated = 1;
}
break;
case 2:
if (input.bit_depth < 12 && (input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I444 ||
input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I44416)) {
stream->config.cfg.g_profile = 1;
profile_updated = 1;
} else if (input.bit_depth < 12 &&
(input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I420 ||
input.fmt == AOM_IMG_FMT_I42016)) {
stream->config.cfg.g_profile = 0;
profile_updated = 1;
} else if (input.bit_depth == 12 &&
input.file_type == FILE_TYPE_Y4M) {
// Note that here the input file values for chroma subsampling
// are used instead of those from the command line.
aom_codec_control(&stream->encoder, AV1E_SET_CHROMA_SUBSAMPLING_X,
input.y4m.dst_c_dec_h >> 1);
aom_codec_control(&stream->encoder, AV1E_SET_CHROMA_SUBSAMPLING_Y,
input.y4m.dst_c_dec_v >> 1);
} else if (input.bit_depth == 12 &&
input.file_type == FILE_TYPE_RAW) {
aom_codec_control(&stream->encoder, AV1E_SET_CHROMA_SUBSAMPLING_X,
stream->chroma_subsampling_x);
aom_codec_control(&stream->encoder, AV1E_SET_CHROMA_SUBSAMPLING_Y,
stream->chroma_subsampling_y);
}
break;
default: break;
}
}
/* Automatically set the codec bit depth to match the input bit depth.
* Upgrade the profile if required. */
if (stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth >
(unsigned int)stream->config.cfg.g_bit_depth) {
stream->config.cfg.g_bit_depth = stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth;
if (!global.quiet) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Warning: automatically updating bit depth to %d to "
"match input format.\n",
stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth);
}
}
if (stream->config.cfg.g_bit_depth > 10) {
switch (stream->config.cfg.g_profile) {
case 0:
case 1:
stream->config.cfg.g_profile = 2;
profile_updated = 1;
break;
default: break;
}
}
if (stream->config.cfg.g_bit_depth > 8) {
stream->config.use_16bit_internal = 1;
}
if (profile_updated && !global.quiet) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Warning: automatically updating to profile %d to "
"match input format.\n",
stream->config.cfg.g_profile);
}
/* Set limit */
stream->config.cfg.g_limit = global.limit;
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
set_stream_dimensions(stream, input.width, input.height);
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { validate_stream_config(stream, &global); }
/* Ensure that --passes and --pass are consistent. If --pass is set and
* --passes=2, ensure --fpf was set.
*/
if (global.pass && global.passes == 2) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
if (!stream->config.stats_fn)
die("Stream %d: Must specify --fpf when --pass=%d"
" and --passes=2\n",
stream->index, global.pass);
}
}
#if !CONFIG_WEBM_IO
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
if (stream->config.write_webm) {
stream->config.write_webm = 0;
stream->config.write_ivf = 0;
warn("aomenc compiled w/o WebM support. Writing OBU stream.");
}
}
#endif
/* Use the frame rate from the file only if none was specified
* on the command-line.
*/
if (!global.have_framerate) {
global.framerate.num = input.framerate.numerator;
global.framerate.den = input.framerate.denominator;
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
stream->config.cfg.g_timebase.den = global.framerate.num;//这行和下行的赋值是不是有误？
stream->config.cfg.g_timebase.num = global.framerate.den;
}
/* Show configuration */
if (global.verbose && pass == 0) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
show_stream_config(stream, &global, &input);
}
}
if (pass == (global.pass ? global.pass - 1 : 0)) {
if (input.file_type == FILE_TYPE_Y4M)
/*The Y4M reader does its own allocation.
Just initialize this here to avoid problems if we never read any
frames.*/
memset(&raw, 0, sizeof(raw));
else
aom_img_alloc(&raw, input.fmt, input.width, input.height, 32);
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
stream->rate_hist =
init_rate_histogram(&stream->config.cfg, &global.framerate);
}
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { setup_pass(stream, &global, pass); }
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { initialize_encoder(stream, &global); }
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
open_output_file(stream, &global, &input.pixel_aspect_ratio);
}
if (strcmp(global.codec->name, "av1") == 0 ||
strcmp(global.codec->name, "av1") == 0) {
// Check to see if at least one stream uses 16 bit internal.
// Currently assume that the bit_depths for all streams using
// highbitdepth are the same.
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
if (stream->config.use_16bit_internal) {
use_16bit_internal = 1;
}
input_shift = (int)stream->config.cfg.g_bit_depth -
stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth;
};
}
frame_avail = 1;
got_data = 0;
//下方的while循环依次处理输入序列的每一帧，进行真正的读取视频图像和编码过程。
while (frame_avail || got_data) {
struct aom_usec_timer timer;
if (!global.limit || frames_in < global.limit) {
frame_avail = read_frame(&input, &raw);//读取文件，Y4M或YUV格式，读取YUV时按行读取。
if (frame_avail) frames_in++;
seen_frames =
frames_in > global.skip_frames ? frames_in - global.skip_frames : 0;
//有点好奇为什么下方的信息输出到stderr，看程序运行时打印输出
//有些不对劲，不知道改成stdout会不会改善。
//2020.05.17更新：将stderr修改为stdout无效。但将下方"\rPass..."
//修改为"\nPass..."即可解决输出信息与我预期不符的问题。
//（原谅本人才疏学浅之前不知道转义字符'\r'的作用。。）
if (!global.quiet) {
float fps = usec_to_fps(cx_time, seen_frames);
fprintf(stderr, "\rPass %d/%d ", pass + 1, global.passes);
if (stream_cnt == 1)
fprintf(stderr, "frame %4d/%-4d %7" PRId64 "B ", frames_in,
streams->frames_out, (int64_t)streams->nbytes);
else
fprintf(stderr, "frame %4d ", frames_in);
fprintf(stderr, "%7" PRId64 " %s %.2f %s ",
cx_time > 9999999 ? cx_time / 1000 : cx_time,
cx_time > 9999999 ? "ms" : "us", fps >= 1.0 ? fps : fps * 60,
fps >= 1.0 ? "fps" : "fpm");
print_time("ETA", estimated_time_left);
}
} else {
frame_avail = 0;//当读入的帧数超过limit时就不再读取。
}
//读入的帧数大于要跳过的帧数才开始编码。
if (frames_in > global.skip_frames) {
aom_image_t *frame_to_encode;
if (input_shift || (use_16bit_internal && input.bit_depth == 8)) {
assert(use_16bit_internal);
// Input bit depth and stream bit depth do not match, so up
// shift frame to stream bit depth
if (!allocated_raw_shift) {
aom_img_alloc(&raw_shift, raw.fmt | AOM_IMG_FMT_HIGHBITDEPTH,
input.width, input.height, 32);
allocated_raw_shift = 1;
}
aom_img_upshift(&raw_shift, &raw, input_shift);
frame_to_encode = &raw_shift;
} else {
frame_to_encode = &raw;
}
aom_usec_timer_start(&timer);
//encode_frame()是真正编码的函数，经过一系列配置再配置后终于开始真
//编码。并且是当前帧的所有stream编码完成后，再进行下一帧编码。
//若内部使用16bit位深，则要求stream的配置相对应，否则会停止运行。
if (use_16bit_internal) {
assert(frame_to_encode->fmt & AOM_IMG_FMT_HIGHBITDEPTH);
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
if (stream->config.use_16bit_internal)
encode_frame(stream, &global,
frame_avail ? frame_to_encode : NULL, frames_in);
else
assert(0);
};
} else {
assert((frame_to_encode->fmt & AOM_IMG_FMT_HIGHBITDEPTH) == 0);
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
encode_frame(stream, &global, frame_avail ? frame_to_encode : NULL,
frames_in);
}
}
aom_usec_timer_mark(&timer);
cx_time += aom_usec_timer_elapsed(&timer);
//该步从函数名看是更新量化参数直方图，可能和码率控制有关？
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { update_quantizer_histogram(stream); }
got_data = 0;
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
get_cx_data(stream, &global, &got_data);
}
if (!got_data && input.length && streams != NULL &&
!streams->frames_out) {
lagged_count = global.limit ? seen_frames : ftello(input.file);
} else if (input.length) {
int64_t remaining;
int64_t rate;
if (global.limit) {
const int64_t frame_in_lagged = (seen_frames - lagged_count) * 1000;
rate = cx_time ? frame_in_lagged * (int64_t)1000000 / cx_time : 0;
remaining = 1000 * (global.limit - global.skip_frames -
seen_frames + lagged_count);
} else {
const int64_t input_pos = ftello(input.file);
const int64_t input_pos_lagged = input_pos - lagged_count;
const int64_t input_limit = input.length;
rate = cx_time ? input_pos_lagged * (int64_t)1000000 / cx_time : 0;
remaining = input_limit - input_pos + lagged_count;
}
average_rate =
(average_rate <= 0) ? rate : (average_rate * 7 + rate) / 8;
estimated_time_left = average_rate ? remaining / average_rate : -1;
}
//若有需要，对当前码流进行解码测试编解码一致性。
if (got_data && global.test_decode != TEST_DECODE_OFF) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
test_decode(stream, global.test_decode);
}
}
}
fflush(stdout);
if (!global.quiet) fprintf(stderr, "\033[K");
}// end of while (frame_avail || got_data)
if (stream_cnt > 1) fprintf(stderr, "\n");
//以下是输出编码数据信息，如码率、PSNR等。
if (!global.quiet) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
const int64_t bpf =
seen_frames ? (int64_t)(stream->nbytes * 8 / seen_frames) : 0;
const int64_t bps = bpf * global.framerate.num / global.framerate.den;
fprintf(stderr,
"\rPass %d/%d frame %4d/%-4d %7" PRId64 "B %7" PRId64
"b/f %7" PRId64
"b/s"
" %7" PRId64 " %s (%.2f fps)\033[K\n",
pass + 1, global.passes, frames_in, stream->frames_out,
(int64_t)stream->nbytes, bpf, bps,
stream->cx_time > 9999999 ? stream->cx_time / 1000
: stream->cx_time,
stream->cx_time > 9999999 ? "ms" : "us",
usec_to_fps(stream->cx_time, seen_frames));
}
}
if (global.show_psnr) {
if (global.codec->fourcc == AV1_FOURCC) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
int64_t bps = 0;
if (stream->psnr_count && seen_frames && global.framerate.den) {
bps = (int64_t)stream->nbytes * 8 * (int64_t)global.framerate.num /
global.framerate.den / seen_frames;
}
show_psnr(stream, (1 << stream->config.cfg.g_input_bit_depth) - 1,
bps);
}
} else {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { show_psnr(stream, 255.0, 0); }
}
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { aom_codec_destroy(&stream->encoder); }
if (global.test_decode != TEST_DECODE_OFF) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { aom_codec_destroy(&stream->decoder); }
}
close_input_file(&input);
if (global.test_decode == TEST_DECODE_FATAL) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { res |= stream->mismatch_seen; }
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
close_output_file(stream, global.codec->fourcc);
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
stats_close(&stream->stats, global.passes - 1);
}
if (global.pass) break;
}//end of for (pass = global.pass ? global.pass - 1 : 0; pass < global.passes; pass++)
if (global.show_q_hist_buckets) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
show_q_histogram(stream->counts, global.show_q_hist_buckets);
}
}
if (global.show_rate_hist_buckets) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
show_rate_histogram(stream->rate_hist, &stream->config.cfg,
global.show_rate_hist_buckets);
}
}
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) { destroy_rate_histogram(stream->rate_hist); }
#if CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
/* TODO(jkoleszar): This doesn't belong in this executable. Do it for now,
* to match some existing utilities.
*/
if (!(global.pass == 1 && global.passes == 2)) {
FOREACH_STREAM(stream, streams) {
FILE *f = fopen("opsnr.stt", "a");
if (stream->mismatch_seen) {
fprintf(f, "First mismatch occurred in frame %d\n",
stream->mismatch_seen);
} else {
fprintf(f, "No mismatch detected in recon buffers\n");
}
fclose(f);
}
}
#endif
if (allocated_raw_shift) aom_img_free(&raw_shift);
aom_img_free(&raw);
free(argv);
free(streams);
return res ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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