【通信协议--UDP】

1. UDP特性

• 不需要建立连接 但不稳定
• 没有明确的客户端和服务端的区别‘
• 发送方不管接受方的状态

2. 示例代码

2.1 UDP消息发送

package TestUDP;

import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TestUDPSent01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2.建立一个包  ip port 内容
        String msg ="hello";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        int port=9000;
        //数据准备 数据的起始长度，发送对象
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 0, msg.length(), localhost, port);

        //3.发送包
        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);

        //4.关闭资源
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

package TestUDP;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TestUDPRecive01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.开放端口
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
        //2.接收数据
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
        System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
        //关闭资源
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

2.2 UDP聊天实现

package TestUDP;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TestUDPSend02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
        while (true){
            //准备数据，控制台读取
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] bytes = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",9001));
            socket.send(datagramPacket);
            if(data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package TestUDP;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TestUDPRecive02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9001);

        while (true){
            //准备接受包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹

            //断开连接
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String reciveData = new String(data,0,packet.getLength());
            System.out.println(reciveData);
            if(reciveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

2.3 UDP多线程在线咨询

package TestUDP;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class ChatUDPSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    private int fromPort;
    private String toIp;
    private int toProt;

    public ChatUDPSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toProt) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIp = toIp;
        this.toProt = toProt;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {

            try {
                //准备数据，控制台读取
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] bytes = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toProt));
                socket.send(datagramPacket);
                if(data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }

            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();

    }
}

package TestUDP;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class ChatUDPRecive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket =null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public ChatUDPRecive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){

            try {
                //准备接受包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
                //断开连接
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String reciveData = new String(data,0,packet.getLength());
                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+reciveData);
                if(reciveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package TestUDP;

public class ChatTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new ChatUDPSend(6666,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new ChatUDPRecive(9999,"student")).start();
    }
}

package TestUDP;

public class ChatStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new ChatUDPSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new ChatUDPRecive(8888,"teacher")).start();
    }
}