Java并发包之Latch

  Latch可以于当一个线程需要等候其它线程完成后再执行的情形java.util.concurrent包中CountDownLatch类实现了Latch功能，CountDownLatch（n）的构造函数中设置参与的线程数，await()用于等待其它线程，countDown()方法减少Latch的计数，如果计数达到零，则释放所有等待的线程.

用例：

1. 要对某个方法做并发测试时（CountDownLatch参与者设为1，其它线程run()方法里调用await()，所有线程初始化完成后，主线程调用countDown()方法，让所有线程同时执行），
2. 要从多个数据表中取得数据后，对这些数据进行加工，可以用多个线程去数据库查询数据，完成后设置countDown()，主线程用await()方法等候所有线程查询完成后，分类汇总。

 

  用CountDownLatch实现一个旅游的例子，一开始导游在一个指定地方等所有游客到来，所有游客到齐后，行程开始。

  Tourist类继承Thread类，代表一个游客，让Thread.sleep()生成一个随机时间，代表游客路上花费的时间，当到达后调用countDown方法，减少一个CountDownLatch的计数。

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Tourist extends Thread {
    private final CountDownLatch latch;
    private final String name;

    public Tourist(CountDownLatch latch, String name) {
        this.latch = latch;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10);
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration);
            System.out.printf("%s has arrived\n", name);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            latch.countDown();
        }
    }
}

 

Guide类代表一个导游，当导游到达集合地点，调 await()方法等Tourist到来，当所有人到达以后，则行程开始。

public class Guide  extends Thread {

    private CountDownLatch latch;

    public Guide(CountDownLatch latch) {

        this.latch=latch;

    }



    @Override

    public void run() {

        try {

            System.out.println("Guide  is waiting for Tourists ...");

            latch.await();

            System.out.println("Trip has started...");

        }catch (InterruptedException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }



    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CountDownLatch latch=new CountDownLatch(5);

        Guide guide =new Guide(latch);

        guide.start();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

            Tourist tourist =new Tourist(latch, "Tourist" + i);

            tourist.start();

        }

    }

}

 

执行结果

Guide  is waiting for Tourists ...

Tourist2 has arrived

Tourist3 has arrived

Tourist4 has arrived

Tourist1 has arrived

Tourist5 has arrived

Trip has started...