Python编程从入门到实践 2016年7月第一版 (ing)_python编程从入门到实践第一版-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/moluoyu/article/details/94364282

书籍阅读相关惑与得
一些容易忽略的问题

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------始于2019年7月份

书籍阅读相关惑与得

英文版:在网盘中.

《Python编程从入门到实践》第11章测试代码使用书中推荐的Geany运行11.1.2节的代码结果与在pycharm中不一致.
参考:关于PyCharm中Python测试不是run_testname 而是run_unittest_in_testname 的问题
Python编程从入门到实践》第16.2.6节 btc_cllose_2017.py中,def draw_line函数.

y_list=[v for _,v in y]

相当于,

y_list=[]
for _,v in y:
    y_list.append(v)

ref:https://blog.csdn.net/dengpeiyi2012/article/details/90767789

3. 17.2.3节,python_repos.py出现如下报错:

ref:pygal制图“AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘decode’

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/vivi01.zhu/PycharmProjects/untitled2/python_repos.py", line 32, in <module>
    chart.render_to_file('python_repos.svg')
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\graph\public.py", line 114, in render_to_file
    f.write(self.render(is_unicode=True, **kwargs))
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\graph\public.py", line 52, in render
    self.setup(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\graph\base.py", line 217, in setup
    self._draw()
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\graph\graph.py", line 933, in _draw
    self._plot()
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\graph\bar.py", line 146, in _plot
    self.bar(serie)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\graph\bar.py", line 116, in bar
    metadata)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\util.py", line 233, in decorate
    metadata['label'])
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\_compat.py", line 61, in to_unicode
    return string.decode('utf-8')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'decode'

从以下报错信息可以猜测出plot_dict中 "lbael"的description可能为null.经过检查,发现项目名为

 File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygal\util.py", line 233, in decorate
    metadata['label'])

解决方法1: 对repo_dict[‘description’]提前进行判断:

if repo_dict['description']:
        plot_dict={'value':repo_dict['stargazers_count'],
                   'label':repo_dict['description'],
                   'xlink':repo_dict['html_url']
                   }
        plot_dicts.append(plot_dict)
    else:
        plot_dict={'value':repo_dict['stargazers_count'],
                   'label':'ABC',
                   'xlink':repo_dict['html_url']}
        plot_dicts.append(plot_dict)

 ———————————————— 
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「waiwai3」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 by-sa版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/waiwai3/article/details/77847783

解决方法2: 对 description的值进行str. null的地方会显示成None.

 'label': str(repo_dict['description']),

完整代码如下:

import requests
import pygal
from pygal.style import LightColorizedStyle as LCS, LightenStyle as LS

url = 'https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=language:python&sort=stars'
r = requests.get(url)
print("Status code:", r.status_code)

response_dict = r.json()
print("Total repositories: ", response_dict['total_count'])

repo_dicts = response_dict['items']

names, plot_dicts = [], []
for repo_dict in repo_dicts:
    names.append(repo_dict['name'])
    plot_dict = {
        'value': repo_dict['stargazers_count'],
        'label': str(repo_dict['description']),
        'xlink': repo_dict['html_url'],
    }
    plot_dicts.append(plot_dict)


# 可视化
my_style = LS('#003357', base_style=LCS)
my_config = pygal.Config()
my_config.x_label_rotation = 45
my_config.show_legend = False
my_config.title_font_size = 24
my_config.label_font_size = 14
my_config.major_label_font_size = 20
my_config.truncate_label = 15
my_config.show_y_guides = False
my_config.width = 1000
chart = pygal.Bar(my_config, style=my_style)

chart.title = 'most-starred Python projects on Github'
chart.x_labels = names
chart.add('', plot_dicts)
chart.render_to_file('python_repo.svg')

18.1.7 python manage.py migrate 命令出错

使用python版本与Django版本如下:
在这里插入图片描述
出错信息如下:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 363, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 337, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 85, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 94, in create
    module = import_module(entry)
  File "/home/luoyu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.admin.filters import (
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/filters.py", line 10, in <module>
    from django.contrib.admin.options import IncorrectLookupParameters
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py", line 12, in <module>
    from django.contrib.admin import helpers, widgets
  File "/home/luoyu/PycharmProjects/learning_log/11_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/widgets.py", line 151
    '%s=%s' % (k, v) for k, v in params.items(),
    ^
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized

分析得知道是Django与python版本兼容问题.(吐槽一下, 百度辣鸡,毛搜搜不到,stackoverflow 牛皮,O(∩_∩)O哈哈~)

.this is a known incompatibility between Django and Python 3.7. A fix has already been merged into Django 2.x branches and backported into 1.11 branch

solution: To solve this issue, simply update Django to at least version 1.11.17 (or 2.x) or you can downgrade Python to version 3.6.