使用监听器统计在线人数。顺便理清ServletContext上下文与session之间的区别

package com.listeners;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class CountOnline implements  HttpSessionListener,HttpSessionAttributeListener{

	@Override
	public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
		ServletContext sc = se.getSession().getServletContext();
		Integer count = (Integer) sc.getAttribute("count");
		if(count==null) {
			sc.setAttribute("count", 1);
		}else {
			sc.setAttribute("count", count+1);
		}
		System.out.println("会话开始");
	}

	@Override
	public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
		ServletContext sc = se.getSession().getServletContext();
		Integer count = (Integer) sc.getAttribute("count");
		if(count==null) {
			sc.setAttribute("count", 1);
		}else {
			sc.setAttribute("count", count-1);
		}
		System.out.println("会话结束");
	}

	@Override
	public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		
	}

	@Override
	public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		
	}

	@Override
	public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		
	}

	
}

package com.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class CountOnlineServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/CountOnline")
public class CountOnlineServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public CountOnlineServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		
		HttpSession hs = request.getSession();
		response.getWriter().write("目前在线人数："+hs.getServletContext().getAttribute("count"));
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>demo1016s</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <listener>
  	<listener-class>com.listeners.CountOnline</listener-class>
  </listener>
</web-app>

在这里面中我使用了ServletContext上下文来存储计算在线的总人数而并非使用session。因为我发现当在不同的浏览器加载时session并不会共享，而是创建了一个新的session而servletcontext可以在不同的浏览器之间共享数据。所以session可以理解为局部变量，servletcontext可以理解为全局变量。当需要时每一个客户端都会创建一个session，也就是说有多少个客户端需要session就会创建多少个session；而servletcontext只有一个，即服务器启动时就只会创建一个servletcontext。