Python学习---继承

继承

• 继承 - 从已经有的类创建新类的过程
• 提供继承信息的称为父类（超类/基类）
• 得到继承信息的称为子类（派生类/衍生类）
• 通过继承我们可将子类中的重复代码抽取到父类中
• 子类通过继承并复用这些代码来减少重复代码的编写
• 将来如果要维护子类的公共代码，只需要在父类中进行操作即可

练习

1. Teacher类

class Teacher(Person):

    def __init__(self, name, age, title):
        self._name = name
        self._age = age
        self._title = title

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self._age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self._age = age

    @property
    def title(self):
        return self._title

    @title.setter
    def title(self, title):
        self._title = title

    def teach(self, course):
        print('%s%s正在讲授%s' % (self._name, self._title, course))

    def watch_tv(self):
        if self._age >= 18:
            print('%s正在看片！' % self._name)
        else:
            print('%s只能看熊出没！' % self._name)


def main():
    t = Teacher('刘强东', 38, '叫兽')
    t.teach('python程序设计！')
    t.watch_tv()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

2. Student类

class Student(Person):

    def __init__(self, name, age, grade):
        self._name = name
        self._age = age
        self._grade = grade

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self._age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self._age = age

    @property
    def grade(self):
        return self._grade

    @grade.setter
    def grade(self, grade):
        self._grade = grade

    def study(self, course):
        print('%s的%s正在学习%s' % (self._grade, self._name, course))

    def watch_av(self):
        if self._age >= 18:
            print('%s正在看片！' % self._name)
        else:
            print('%s只能看熊出没！' % self._name)


def main():
    stu1 = Student('王思聪', 18, '初三')
    stu1.study('数学')
    stu1.watch_av()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

3. Person(Teacher + Student)类

说明 ：重新定义了一个Person类，将Teacher类和Student类中的公共元素放入Person类中，避免了相同类型代码的重复使用。

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self._name = name
        self._age = age

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self._age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self._age = age

    def watch_av(self):
        if self._age >= 18:
            print('%s正在看片！' % self._name)
        else:
            print('%s只能看熊出没！' % self._name)


#老师类
class Teacher(Person):

    def __init__(self, name, age, title):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self._title = title

    @property
    def title(self):
        return self._title

    @title.setter
    def title(self, title):
        self._title = title

    def teach(self, course):
        print('%s%s正在讲授%s' % (self._name, self._title, course))


# 学生类
class Student(Person):

    def __init__(self, name, age, grade):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self._grade = grade

    @property
    def grade(self):
        return self._grade

    @grade.setter
    def grade(self, grade):
        self._grade = grade

    def study(self, course):
        print('%s的%s正在学习%s!' % (self._grade, self._name, course))


def main():
    stu = Student('王思聪', 16, '初三')
    stu.study('数学')
    stu.watch_av()
    t = Teacher('刘强东', 38, '叫兽')
    t.teach('python程序设计！')
    t.watch_av()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()