协程总结

协程：可以暂定并切换到其他协程运行的函数
线程是由操作系统调度
协程的调度是由程序员实现

生成器暂停函数举例

import time


# 普通函数无法暂停
def add(a, b):
    print(a+b)


# 生成器是可以暂停函数的
def yield_test():
    yield 1
    yield 2
    yield 3
    return "bobby"


my_yield = yield_test()
for item in my_yield:
    print(item)
    print('休息1s')
    time.sleep(1)

将生成器装饰为协程

from tornado.gen import coroutine


# 定义的方式一
@coroutine
def yield_test():
    yield 1
    yield 2
    yield 3
    return "bobby"


my_yield = yield_test()
for item in my_yield:
    print(item)

采用async关键字定义协程

# yield from只能用户coroutine写的方法，使用async时采用await
# 方式二，使用async关键字,推荐采用async，别用coroutine


async def yield_test1():
    yield 1
    yield 2
    yield 3


async def yield_test2():
    yield 4
    yield 5
    yield 6


# 协程的对象要运行起来就要用await方法
# 有多个协程对象时，切换和调度协程也是用到await
async def main1():
    result = await yield_test1()
    result = await yield_test2()


async def main2():
    await yield_test1()

httpclient的使用

这个是同步的，用处不大，不如直接用requests包

from tornado import httpclient

http_client = httpclient.HTTPClient()
try:
    response = http_client.fetch("http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/")
    print(response.body)
except httpclient.HTTPError as e:
    # HTTPError is raised for non-200 responses; the response
    # can be found in e.response.
    print("Error: " + str(e))
except Exception as e:
    # Other errors are possible, such as IOError.
    print("Error: " + str(e))
http_client.close()

 

事件循环和协程实现 的示例代码

AsyncHTTPClient区别与httpclient，是采用的异步的方式

from tornado.httpclient import AsyncHTTPClient


async def f():
    http_client = AsyncHTTPClient()
    try:
        response = await http_client.fetch(
            "http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/")
    except Exception as e:
        print("Error: %s" % e)
    else:
        print(response.body.decode("utf8"))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import tornado
    io_loop = tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current()   # 启动事件循环 他是单例 全局唯一的
    # run_sync可以在运行完某个协程后停止事件循环
    io_loop.run_sync(f)

持续运行的写法

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # import tornado
    # io_loop = tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current()
    # # # run_sync可以在运行完某个协程后停止事件循环
    # # io_loop.run_sync(f)
    #
    # 可以采用这种方式 使程序持续运行
    import asyncio
    asyncio.ensure_future(f())
    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()

另一种写法

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import asyncio
    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(f())