Tomcat启动过程中报错,Failed to start component,A child container failed during start

Spring Boot项目，Tomcat启动过程中报错：

org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component

如果报错信息中包含

 java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String

这是因为在pom.xml文件中引入了 servlet-api 依赖或者在 spring-boot-web-starter 包中包含了 servlet-api 包，而Tomcat自带的也有 servlet-api 的jar包，
Tomcat启动时会加载其中某个 servlet-api.jar 包，而包中没有 getVirtualServerName() 方法, 但是该包只会加载一次，之后不会再去加载另一个jar包，故而造成加载方法失败，tomcat就会关闭。

本人经过测试，发现当删除tomcat下的 servlet-api.jar 时，启动依然报错，而删除 maven 下的 servlet-api.jar 时，项目可以正常启动，所以判断：

1、maven和tomcat下都有 servlet-api.jar 包，其中 tomcat 下的 servlet-api.jar 包是正常的，而 maven 下的 servlet-api.jar 是不包含 getVirtualServerName() 方法的；

2、tomcat启动时会先加载maven中的 servlet-api.jar 包而不是自己文件夹下的 servlet-api.jar 包，这点和其他文章中所说的有差异。

java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122) [na:1.8.0_181]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192) [na:1.8.0_181]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:942) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:872) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1423) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1413) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) [na:1.8.0_181]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_181]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_181]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_181]
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [Pipeline[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]	
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [org.apache.catalina.authenticator.NonLoginAuthenticator[]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.startInternal(StandardPipeline.java:182) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	... 8 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.startInternal(AuthenticatorBase.java:1181) ~[tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.35.jar:8.5.35]
	... 10 common frames omitted

解决方法：
1、在pom文件中加入以下依赖，provided仅仅需要在编译和测试阶段，provide将不会被打包到lib目录下，所以启动时使用的是tomcat中的servlet-api.jar 包。

<dependency>
	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
	<version>2.5</version>
	<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

2、直接删除本地maven仓库中的 servlet-api.jar 包，解决冲突。