Linux下安装Python3遇到的问题

Linux会自带安装python，一般是python2的版本 

[root@VM_15_53_centos ~]# python --version
Python 2.7.10
[root@VM_15_53_centos ~]# 

 

 下载python3 

https://www.python.org/downloads/

这里下载的是3.8.4

#安装需要的环境 
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make

#解压
tar -zxvf Python-3.8.4rc1.tgz


cd Python-3.8.4rc1

#设置安装路径
./configure --prefix=/mydata/python

#安装
make && make install

 配置环境变量

[root@VM_134_173_centos ~] vim /etc/profile

#最后一行加入
export PATH=$PATH:/mydata/python/bin

#保存后使生效
[root@VM_134_173_centos ~] source /etc/profile


#查看版本号
[root@VM_134_173_centos ~]# python3 --version
Python 3.8.4rc1
[root@VM_134_173_centos ~]# 

正常情况到这里就结束

有些linux系统如果   没有openssl环境会在执行脚本、或pip安装module的时候报错

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the...

这里就需要安装openssl

#官网下载oepnssl
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1g.tar.gz

#解压
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1g.tar.gz


cd openssl-1.1.1g

#配置ssl安装路径
./config --prefix=/usr/local/ssl

#安装
make && make install


#安装完成后替换老板openssl

#备份老版本
mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl.bak

#建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
ln -s /usr/local/ssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl

#查看版本号
openssl version


#这个时候报错了
#openssl: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

#创建libssl.so.1.1软连接
ln -s /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1
ln -s /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1

#查看版本号  正常
openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.1g  21 Apr 2020

 修改python源文件  Modules下面的  Setup

# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
        -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
        -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

 如上图，将ssl相关的四行  取消注释

 

重新配置安装python 

./configure --prefix=/mydata/python
make && make install

 安装完成后验证

[root@VM_134_173_centos openssl-1.1.1g]# python3
Python 3.8.4rc1 (default, Jul 10 2020, 18:54:25) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>> 

到此python3安装完毕，可以执行程序了