java第一阶段学习总结：开发团队调度软件的实现
从0开始经历15天的Java自学，完成了基本语法、数组、面向对象和异常处理四个部分。对java的基本编程思路也有了一个初步的了解，例如：MVC的项目开发框架模式。这次项目练习主要运用以下知识：
- 类的继承和多态
- 对象的值传递、接口
- static和final修饰符
- 特殊类的使用：包装类、抽象类、内部类
- 异常处理
当然此项目中还欠缺，数据文件的存储和读取，界面的展示，以及权限控制等部分，不过大体有了一个完整项目的雏形，作为初学java这门编程工具来说，有了更直观的认识。
1.项目需求：
2.项目MVC架构：
- com.mvc.team.view模块为主控模块，负责界面的显示和用户的交互
- com.mvc.team.service模块为实体对象（employee及其子类如程序员等）的管理模块，NameListService和TeamService类分别用各自的数组来管理公司员工和开发团队成员对象
3.com.mvc.team. domian模块为employee及其子类等JavaBean类所在的包，其中Architect继承Designer继承Programmer继承Employee，Programmer包含属性Equipment(PC NoteBook Printer)
3.创建com.mvc.team. domian模块：
下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
public class Architect extends Designer {
private int stock;//股票
public Architect() {
super();
}
public Architect(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus, int stock) {
super(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus);
this.stock = stock;
}
public int getStock() {
return stock;
}
public void setStock(int stock) {
this.stock = stock;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails() + "\t架构师\t" + getStatus() + "\t" + getBonus() + "\t" + stock + "\t"+ getEquipment().getDescriprion();
}
}
`下面展示一些 `内联代码片`。
// A code block
```javascript
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
public class Designer extends Programmer {
private double bonus;// 奖金
public Designer() {
super();
}
public Designer(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus) {
super(id, name, age, salary, equipment);
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public double getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails() + "\t设计师\t" + getStatus() + "\t" + bonus + "\t\t" + getEquipment().getDescriprion();
}
}
// A code block
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private double salary;
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Employee() {
super();
}
public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
}
protected String getDetails() {
return id + "\t" + name + "\t" + age+ "\t" +salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails();
}
}
// A code block
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
public interface Equipment {
public abstract String getDescriprion();
}
// A code block
var foo = ‘bar’;
```javascript
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
public class NoteBook implements Equipment {
private String model;// 机器型号
private double price;// 机器价格
public NoteBook() {
super();
}
public NoteBook(String model, double price) {
super();
this.model = model;
this.price = price;
}
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String getDescriprion() {
return model + "(" + price + ")";
};
}
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
public class Pc implements Equipment {
private String model;//机器型号
private String display;//机器描述
public Pc() {
super();
}
public Pc(String model, String display) {
super();
this.model = model;
this.display = display;
}
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public String getDisplay() {
return display;
}
public void setDisplay(String display) {
this.display = display;
}
@Override
public String getDescriprion() {
return model + "(" + display + ")";
}
}
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
public class Printer implements Equipment {
private String name;//机器名称
private String type;//机器型号
public Printer() {
super();
}
public Printer(String name, String type) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public String getDescriprion() {
return name + "(" + type + ")" ;
}
}
下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.domain;
import com.mvc.team.service.Status;
public class Programmer extends Employee {
private int memberId;// 团队ID
private Status status = Status.FREE;// 默认初始化员工状态为FREE
private Equipment equipment;// 设备
public Programmer() {
super();
}
public Programmer(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment) {
super(id, name, age, salary);
this.equipment = equipment;
}
public int getMemberId() {
return memberId;
}
public void setMemberId(int memberId) {
this.memberId = memberId;
}
public Status getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(Status status) {
this.status = status;
}
public Equipment getEquipment() {
return equipment;
}
public void setEquipment(Equipment equipment) {
this.equipment = equipment;
}
protected String getMemberDetails() {
return getMemberId() + "/" + getDetails();
}
public String getDetailsForTeam() {
return getMemberDetails() + "\t程序员";
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getDetails() + "\t程序员\t" + status + "\t\t\t" + equipment.getDescriprion();
}
}
4.创建com.mvc.team.service模块：下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
package com.mvc.team.service;
public class Data {
public static final int EMPLOYEE = 10;
public static final int PROGRAMMER = 11;
public static final int DESIGNER = 12;
public static final int ARCHITECT = 13;
public static final int PC = 21;
public static final int NOTEBOOK = 22;
public static final int PRINTER = 23;
//Employee : 10, id, name, age, salary
//Programmer: 11, id, name, age, salary
//Designer : 12, id, name, age, salary, bonus
//Architect : 13, id, name, age, salary, bonus, stock
public static final String[][] EMPLOYEES = {
{"10", "1", "马云", "22", "3000"},
{"13", "2", "马化腾", "32", "18000", "15000", "2000"},
{"11", "3", "李彦宏", "23", "7000"},
{"11", "4", "刘强东", "24", "7300"},
{"12", "5", "雷军", "28", "10000", "5000"},
{"11", "6", "任志强", "22", "6800"},
{"12", "7", "柳传志", "29", "10800","5200"},
{"13", "8", "杨元庆", "30", "19800", "15000", "2500"},
{"12", "9", "史玉柱", "26", "9800", "5500"},
{"11", "10", "丁磊", "21", "6600"},
{"11", "11", "张朝阳", "25", "7100"},
{"12", "12", "杨致远", "27", "9600", "4800"}
};
//如下的EQUIPMENTS数组与上面的EMPLOYEES数组元素一一对应
//PC :21, model, display
//NoteBook:22, model, price
//Printer :23, name, type
public static final String[][] EQUIPMENTS = {
{},
{"22", "联想T4", "6000"},
{"21", "戴尔", "NEC17寸"},
{"21", "戴尔", "三星 17寸"},
{"23", "佳能 2900", "激光"},
{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},
{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},
{"23", "爱普生20K", "针式"},
{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"},
{"21", "戴尔", "NEC 17寸"},
{"21", "华硕","三星 17寸"},
{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"}
};
}
下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.service;
import com.mvc.team.domain.*;
import static com.mvc.team.service.Data.*;//可以直接调用Data中的静态结构
/**
*
* @Description 负责将Data中的数据封装到Employee[]数组中，同时提供相关操作Employee[]的方法。
* @author washaki Email:
* @version V1.0
* @date 2021年1月2日下午7:34:14
*
*/
public class NameListService {
private Employee[] employees;
// 给employees及数组元素进行初始化
// 根据项目提供的Data类构建相应大小的employees数组
// 再根据Data类中的数据构建不同的对象，包括Employee、Programmer、Designer和Architect对象，
// 以及相关联的Equipment子类的对象
// 将对象存于数组中
public NameListService() {
employees = new Employee[Data.EMPLOYEES.length];// 创建数组，长度为Data中数组的长度
for (int i = 0; i < employees.length; i++) {
int type = Integer.parseInt(Data.EMPLOYEES[i][0]);// 获取员工类型标志
// 获取基本信息 id name age salary
int id = Integer.parseInt(Data.EMPLOYEES[i][1]);
String name = Data.EMPLOYEES[i][2];
int age = Integer.parseInt(Data.EMPLOYEES[i][3]);
double salary = Double.parseDouble(Data.EMPLOYEES[i][4]);
Equipment equipment;// 某一些对象特有的元素，提前声明，需要用时直接调用
double bonus;
int stock;
switch (type) {
case Data.EMPLOYEE:
employees[i] = new Employee(id, name, age, salary);
break;
case Data.PROGRAMMER:
equipment = createEquipment(i);
employees[i] = new Programmer(id, name, age, salary, equipment);
break;
case Data.DESIGNER:
equipment = createEquipment(i);
bonus = Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);
employees[i] = new Designer(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus);
break;
case Data.ARCHITECT:
equipment = createEquipment(i);
bonus = Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);
stock = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][6]);
employees[i] = new Architect(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus, stock);
break;
}
}
}
/**
*
* @Description 获取指定index位置员工的设备
* @author washaki
* @date 2021年1月2日下午8:22:36
* @param i
* @return
*/
private Equipment createEquipment(int index) {
int type = Integer.parseInt(Data.EQUIPMENTS[index][0]);
switch (type) {
case PC:// 21
return new Pc(EQUIPMENTS[index][1], EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);
case NOTEBOOK:// 22
return new NoteBook(EQUIPMENTS[index][1], Double.parseDouble(EQUIPMENTS[index][2]));
case PRINTER:// 23
return new Printer(EQUIPMENTS[index][1], EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);
}
return null;
}
/**
*
* @Description 获取当前所有员工。
* @author washaki
* @date 2021年1月2日下午8:50:28
* @return 包含所有员工对象的数组
*/
public Employee[] getAllEmployees() {
return employees;
}
/**
*
* @Description 获取指定ID的员工对象
* @author washaki
* @date 2021年1月2日下午8:51:15
* @param id
* @return 指定员工对象
* @throws TeamException
*/
public Employee getEmployee(int id) throws TeamException {
for(int i = 0;i < employees.length;i++){
if(employees[i].getId() == id){
return employees[i];
}
}
throw new TeamException("找不到指定");
}
}
下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.service;
/**
*
* @Description 员工状态
* @author washaki Email:
* @version
* @date 2021年1月2日下午6:50:05
*
*/
public class Status {
// 枚举
private final String NAME;
private Status(String name) {
this.NAME = name;
}
public static final Status FREE = new Status("FREE");
public static final Status BUSY = new Status("BUSY");
public static final Status VOCATION = new Status("VOCATION");
public String getNAME() {
return NAME;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return NAME;
}
}
下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.service;
/**
*
* @Description 自定义异常类
* @author washaki Email:
* @version
* @date 2021年1月2日下午9:00:51
*
*/
public class TeamException extends RuntimeException {
static final long serialVersionUID = -33875124229948L;
public TeamException() {
super();
}
public TeamException (String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.service;
import com.mvc.team.domain.*;
/**
* 关于开发团队成员的管理：添加、删除等。
*
* @Description
* @author washaki Email:
* @version
* @date 2021年1月2日下午9:52:44
*
*/
public class TeamService {
private static int counter = 1;// 给memberId赋值使用
private final int MAX_MEMBER = 5;// 限制开发团队的人数
private Programmer[] team = new Programmer[MAX_MEMBER];// 存储开发团队人员
private int total;// 记录开发团队的实际人员数
public TeamService() {
super();
}
/**
* 获取开发团队中的实际成员
*
* @Description
* @author washaki
* @date 2021年1月2日下午10:07:32
* @return
*/
public Programmer[] getTeam() {
Programmer[] team = new Programmer[total];
for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
team[i] = this.team[i];
}
return team;
}
/**
* 将指定的员工添加到开发团队中
*
* @Description
* @author washaki
* @date 2021年1月2日下午10:11:00
* @param e
*/
public void addMember(Employee e) {
// 成员已满，无法添加
if (total >= MAX_MEMBER) {
throw new TeamException("成员已满，无法添加");
}
// 该成员不是开发人员，无法添加
if (!(e instanceof Programmer)) {
throw new TeamException("该成员不是开发人员，无法添加");
}
// 该员工已在本开发团队中
if (isExist(e)) {
throw new TeamException("该员工已在本开发团队中");
}
// 该员工已是某团队成员
Programmer programmer = (Programmer) e;
if ("BUSY".equals(programmer.getStatus().getNAME())) {
throw new TeamException("该员工已是某团队成员");
} else if ("VOCATION".equals(programmer.getStatus().getNAME())) {
throw new TeamException("// 该员正在休假，无法添加"); // 该员正在休假，无法添加
}
int numOfArch = 0, numOfDes = 0, numOfProg = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
if (team[i] instanceof Architect) {
numOfArch++;
} else if (team[i] instanceof Designer) {
numOfDes++;
} else {
numOfProg++;
}
}
// 团队中至多只能有一名架构师
// 团队中至多只能有两名设计师
// 团队中至多只能有三名程序员
if (programmer instanceof Architect) {
if (numOfArch >= 1) {
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有一名架构师");
}
} else if (programmer instanceof Designer) {
if (numOfDes >= 2) {
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有两名设计师");
}
} else {
if (numOfProg >= 3) {
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有三名程序员");
}
}
team[total++] = programmer;// 添加成员
programmer.setStatus(Status.BUSY);
programmer.setMemberId(counter++);
}
/**
* 从团队中删除成员
*
* @Description
* @author washaki
* @date 2021年1月2日下午10:52:52
* @param memberId
*/
public void removeMember(int memberId) {
int i = 0;
boolean isFlag = false;// 判断是否找到Id
for (; i < total; i++) {
if (team[i].getMemberId() == memberId) {
team[i].setStatus(Status.FREE);
isFlag = true;
break;
}
}
if (!isFlag) {
throw new TeamException("找不到指定memberId的员工，删除失败");
}
for (int j = i + 1; j < total; j++) {
team[j - 1] = team[j];
}
team[--total] = null;
}
private boolean isExist(Employee e) {
for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
if (team[i].getId() == e.getId()) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
5.创建com.mvc.team.view模块：下面展示一些 内联代码片。下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.view;
import com.mvc.team.domain.Employee;
import com.mvc.team.domain.Programmer;
import com.mvc.team.service.NameListService;
import com.mvc.team.service.TeamException;
import com.mvc.team.service.TeamService;
public class TeamView {
private NameListService listSvc = new NameListService();
private TeamService teamSvc = new TeamService();
public void enterMainMenu() {
boolean loopFlag = true;
char key = 0;
do {
if (key != '1') {
listAllEmployees();
}
System.out.print("1-团队列表 2-添加团队成员 3-删除团队成员 4-退出 请选择(1-4)：");
key = TSUtility.readMenuSelection();
System.out.println();
switch (key) {
case '1':
listTeam();
break;
case '2':
addMember();
break;
case '3':
deleteMember();
break;
case '4':
System.out.print("确认是否退出(Y/N)：");
char yn = TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (yn == 'Y')
loopFlag = false;
break;
}
} while (loopFlag);
}
// 显示所有的员工成员
private void listAllEmployees() {
System.out.println("\n-------------------------------开发团队调度软件--------------------------------\n");
Employee[] emps = listSvc.getAllEmployees();
if (emps.length == 0) {
System.out.println("没有客户记录！");
} else {
System.out.println("ID\t姓名\t年龄\t工资\t职位\t状态\t奖金\t股票\t领用设备");
}
for (Employee e : emps) {
System.out.println(" " + e);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
// 显示开发团队成员列表
private void listTeam() {
System.out.println("\n--------------------团队成员列表---------------------\n");
Programmer[] team = teamSvc.getTeam();
if (team.length == 0) {
System.out.println("开发团队目前没有成员！");
} else {
System.out.println("TID/ID\t姓名\t年龄\t工资\t职位\t奖金\t股票");
}
for (Programmer p : team) {
System.out.println(" " + p.getDetailsForTeam());
}
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
}
// 添加成员到团队
private void addMember() {
System.out.println("---------------------添加成员---------------------");
System.out.print("请输入要添加的员工ID：");
int id = TSUtility.readInt();
try {
Employee e = listSvc.getEmployee(id);
teamSvc.addMember(e);
System.out.println("添加成功");
} catch (TeamException e) {
System.out.println("添加失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
}
// 按回车键继续...
TSUtility.readReturn();
}
// 从团队中删除指定id的成员
private void deleteMember() {
System.out.println("---------------------删除成员---------------------");
System.out.print("请输入要删除员工的TID：");
int id = TSUtility.readInt();
System.out.print("确认是否删除(Y/N)：");
char yn = TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (yn == 'N')
return;
try {
teamSvc.removeMember(id);
System.out.println("删除成功");
} catch (TeamException e) {
System.out.println("删除失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
}
// 按回车键继续...
TSUtility.readReturn();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TeamView view = new TeamView();
view.enterMainMenu();
}
}
下面展示一些 内联代码片。
// A code block
var foo = 'bar';
// An highlighted block
package com.mvc.team.view;
import java.util.*;
/**
*
* @Description 项目中提供了TSUtility.java类，可用来方便地实现键盘访问。
* @author shkstart Email:shkstart@126.com
* @version
* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:02:58
*
*/
public class TSUtility {
private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
/**
*
* @Description 该方法读取键盘，如果用户键入’1’-’4’中的任意字符，则方法返回。返回值为用户键入字符。
* @author shkstart
* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:03:30
* @return
*/
public static char readMenuSelection() {
char c;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c != '1' && c != '2' &&
c != '3' && c != '4') {
System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");
} else break;
}
return c;
}
/**
*
* @Description 该方法提示并等待，直到用户按回车键后返回。
* @author shkstart
* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:03:50
*/
public static void readReturn() {
System.out.print("按回车键继续...");
readKeyBoard(100, true);
}
/**
*
* @Description 该方法从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* @author shkstart
* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:04:04
* @return
*/
public static int readInt() {
int n;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(2, false);
try {
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("数字输入错误，请重新输入：");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
*
* @Description 从键盘读取‘Y’或’N’，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* @author shkstart
* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:04:45
* @return
*/
public static char readConfirmSelection() {
char c;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false).toUpperCase();
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c == 'Y' || c == 'N') {
break;
} else {
System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");
}
}
return c;
}
private static String readKeyBoard(int limit, boolean blankReturn) {
String line = "";
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.length() == 0) {
if (blankReturn) return line;
else continue;
}
if (line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit) {
System.out.print("输入长度（不大于" + limit + "）错误，请重新输入：");
continue;
}
break;
}
return line;
}
}
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