C语言没有四舍五入？

把一个double值，作为函数uint32_t返回值，结果直接把小数舍弃了，没有四舍五入，问问GEMINI:

Me:

actual_f_carrier is defined as a double, however when it's returned as the return value which is uint32_t, the decimals are dropped, how can I make the return value as a rounded value of actual_f_carrier, for example, when actual_f_carrier  = 868549987.79, the return value should be 868549988.

GEMINI:

The challenge lies in converting a floating-point value (actual_f_carrier) with decimals to a uint32_t integer while preserving the rounding behavior you described. Here are two approaches you can consider:

1. Rounding and Casting:

• You can round actual_f_carrier to the nearest integer using a suitable rounding function and then cast the result to uint32_t. C doesn't have a built-in "round to nearest" function, but you can achieve this using a combination of floor and conditional logic:

uint32_t SetOperatingFrequency(double f_carrier) {
    // ... existing code ...

    double actual_f_carrier = f_xosc * freq / pow(2, 16);

    // Round to nearest integer
    int rounded_freq = floor(actual_f_carrier + 0.5);

    // Handle potential overflow (rounded_freq might be negative)
    if (rounded_freq < 0) {
        // Handle error: rounded value overflows uint32_t
        return UINT32_MAX; // Example: return max value to indicate error
    }

    return (uint32_t)rounded_freq;
}

2. Returning a Structure:

• Instead of returning a uint32_t, you can define a custom structure that holds both the integer and fractional parts of the calculated frequency. This allows you to preserve the full precision of actual_f_carrier while still providing an integer representation for potential hardware limitations.

• typedef struct {
      uint32_t integer_part;
      double fractional_part;
  } FrequencyInfo;
  
  FrequencyInfo SetOperatingFrequency(double f_carrier) {
      // ... existing code ...
  
      double actual_f_carrier = f_xosc * freq / pow(2, 16);
  
      FrequencyInfo result;
      result.integer_part = (uint32_t)actual_f_carrier; // Extract integer part
      result.fractional_part = actual_f_carrier - result.integer_part; // Calculate fractional part
  
      return result;
  }
  

• Explanation:
  • We define a FrequencyInfo structure with two members: integer_part (a uint32_t) and fractional_part (a double).
  • The function now returns a FrequencyInfo structure instead of a uint32_t.
  • We extract the integer part by casting actual_f_carrier to uint32_t.
  • We calculate the fractional part by subtracting the integer part from actual_f_carrier.

• The best approach depends on your specific needs. If you only need the rounded integer for hardware configuration and can handle potential overflow situations, option 1 might be sufficient. However, if you need to retain more precise information about the actual frequency for further calculations, returning a structure in option 2 provides greater flexibility.

• 也就是说采用+0.5 再用floor函数的方法可以四舍五入，或者用结构体分别保存整数和小数部分。