mac配置vim和terminal——打造最舒服的编程方式

你好！ 可能这是你第一次使用 mac并配置vim和terminal ，当然这篇文章也较适合新人，大神飘过哈哈。如果你想学习如何使用vim编辑器以及terminal, 可以仔细阅读这篇文章，了解一下基本知识。

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配置效果图如下：

安装homebrew包管理器

Homebrew 是一款基于 Git 的软件包管理工具，使用 Ruby 编写，用于安装 Apple 没有预装但在开发过程中需要的东西。

国内地址脚本安装)

1. 推荐 完全安装：

/bin/zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)"

2. 精简版 安装：

/bin/zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)" speed

3. 卸载：

/bin/zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/HomebrewUninstall.sh)"

homebrew命令小手册

现在版本统一用brew安装即可，用brew cask安装报错。可用于安装命令行工具，也可用于安装具有 GUI 的macOS 应用程序、字体和插件以及其他非开源软件。

命令	介绍
brew help	查看帮助信息
brew search	搜索包
brew install	安装包
brew info	查看包信息
brew update	更新brew
brew outdated	检查新版本
brew upgrade	升级所有可以升级的软件
brew cleanup	清除不需要的版本和缓存
brew link	将软件的当前最新版本软链到 /usr/local/ 目录下
brew unlink	将软件在 /usr/local/ 目录下的软链接删除

安装vim

mac默认自带的vim版本，但是非最新版，这里我们通过brew安装最新版的vim，并将其设置为默认vim

1. 通过brew安装vim

brew install vim

2. 替代mac自带的vim

where vim  #可以查看vim的所有路径
which vim  #可以查看此时vim的默认路径

#我们需要将默认目录设置为brew安装的vim
vim ~/.zshrc  #打开zsh配置文件，没有则新建一个
alias vim='/usr/local/bin/vim' #添加此行，设置别名即可替代默认vim

配置vim界面

vim ~/.vimrc #编辑vim的配置文件，没有则新建一个

 "----------------- Configuration file for vim-----------------------
 set modelines=0     " CVE-2007-2438
 
 " Normally we use vim-extensions. If you want true vi-compatibility
 " remove change the following statements
 set nocompatible    " Use Vim defaults instead of 100% vi compatibility
 set backspace=2     " more powerful backspacing
 
 " Don't write backup file if vim is being called by "crontab -e"
 au BufWrite /private/tmp/crontab.* set nowritebackup nobackup
 " Don't write backup file if vim is being called by "chpass"
 au BufWrite /private/etc/pw.* set nowritebackup nobackup
 
 let skip_defaults_vim=1
 " 设置外观 -------------------------------------
 set number                      "显示行号
 set showtabline=0               "隐藏顶部标签栏"
 set guioptions-=r               "隐藏右侧滚动条"
 set guioptions-=L               "隐藏左侧滚动条"
 set guioptions-=b               "隐藏底部滚动条"
 set cursorline                  "突出显示当前行"
 set cursorcolumn                "突出显示当前列"
 set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8        "显示中文菜单
 " 变成辅助 -------------------------------------
 syntax on                       "开启语法高亮
 "set nowrap                      设置代码不折行"
 set fileformat=unix             "设置以unix的格式保存文件"
 set cindent                     "设置C样式的缩进格式"
 set tabstop=4                   "一个 tab 显示出来是多少个空格，默认 8
 set shiftwidth=4                "每一级缩进是多少个空格
 set backspace+=indent,eol,start "set backspace&可以对其重置
 set showmatch                   "显示匹配的括号"
 set scrolloff=5                 "距离顶部和底部5行"
 set laststatus=2                "命令行为两行"
 " 其他杂项 -------------------------------------
 set mouse=a                     "启用鼠标"
 set selection=exclusive
 set selectmode=mouse,key
 set matchtime=5
 set ignorecase                  "忽略大小写"
 set incsearch
 set hlsearch                    "高亮搜索项"
 set noexpandtab                 "不允许扩展table"
 set whichwrap=b,s,h,l,[,],<,>
 set autoread

vim插件管理器vundle

• 安装vundle

git clone https://github.com/gmarik/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

• 配置vundle

set nocompatible              " required
filetype off                  " required

" set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()

" alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
"call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')

" let Vundle manage Vundle, required
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'

" Add all your plugins here (note older versions of Vundle used Bundle instead of Plugin)


" All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
call vundle#end()            " required
filetype plugin indent on    " required

• 注意：在配置文件.vimrc中，将希望安装的插件写入call vundle#begin()和call vundle#end()行之间：Plugin ‘插件名’，然后打开Vim编辑器，运行下面的命令：:PluginInstall，Vundle就会自动下载安装对应的插件

插件安装

YouCompleteMe——代码补全

高星级插件YouCompleteMe——vim自动补全神器
优点：
1.适用于各种语言；
2.多种补全引擎；
3.能够提供类似IDE的自动补全体验；
4.可与Syntastic配合提供实时语法检查；

安装前提
安装的vim得支持python，通过命令vim --version | grep python，显示+python则支持，否则安装支持python的vim，或者使用源码重新编译vim

安装Cmake
brew install cmake

安装YouCompleteMe

官方推荐使用Vundle安装，只需将下面命令加入到~/.vimrc
Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'

如果`:PluginInstall`过程出错，则退出重新尝试，或者直接从git上下载到`～/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe` 目录下
git clone https://github.com/Valloric/YouCompleteMe#full-installation-guide ～/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe

编译YCM，这里需要注意python版本，使用python3版本，如果系统默认是python2，则需注意更换
cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
不带 C-family languages 语义支持的版本
./install.py
带 C-family languages 语义支持的版本
./install.py --clangd-completer
带 C# 语义支持的版本
./install.py --omnisharp-completer
带 Go 语言语义支持的版本
./install.py --gocode-completer

添加或修改 .ycm_extra_conf.py文件
vim ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py
内容如下:

from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_inc
import platform
import os
import ycm_core

flags = [
'-Wall',
'-Wextra',
'-Werror',
'-Wno-long-long',
'-Wno-variadic-macros',
'-fexceptions',
'-DNDEBUG',
# You 100% do NOT need -DUSE_CLANG_COMPLETER and/or -DYCM_EXPORT in your flags;
# only the YCM source code needs it.
'-DUSE_CLANG_COMPLETER',
'-DYCM_EXPORT=',
# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without the '-x' flag, Clang won't know which language to
# use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++ headers will be
# compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify the '-x' flag.
# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
'-x',
'c++',
'-isystem',
'../pybind11',
'-isystem',
'../BoostParts',
'-isystem',
get_python_inc(),
'-isystem',
'../llvm/include',
'-isystem',
'../llvm/tools/clang/include',
'-I',
'.',
'-I',
'./ClangCompleter',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock/gtest',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock/gtest/include',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock',
'-isystem',
'./tests/gmock/include',
'-isystem',
'./benchmarks/benchmark/include',
]

# Clang automatically sets the '-std=' flag to 'c++14' for MSVC 2015 or later,
# which is required for compiling the standard library, and to 'c++11' for older
# versions.
if platform.system() != 'Windows':
  flags.append( '-std=c++11' )

compilation_database_folder = ''

if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
else:
  database = None

SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]

def DirectoryOfThisScript():
  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )


def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]


def FindCorrespondingSourceFile( filename ):
  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
      replacement_file = basename + extension
      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
        return replacement_file
  return filename


def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ): 
  filename = FindCorrespondingSourceFile( filename )
  if not database:
    return {
      'flags': flags,
      'include_paths_relative_to_dir': DirectoryOfThisScript(),
      'override_filename': filename
    }

  compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
  if not compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
    return None

  # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
  # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object.
  final_flags = list( compilation_info.compiler_flags_ )

  # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
  # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
  # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
  try:
    final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
  except ValueError:
    pass

  return {
    'flags': final_flags,
    'include_paths_relative_to_dir': compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_,
    'override_filename': filename
  }

配置YCM：
在vim的配置文件.vimrc中加入下面配置代码
vim ~/.vimrc

let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
let g:ycm_add_preview_to_completeopt = 0
let g:ycm_show_diagnostics_ui = 0
let g:ycm_server_log_level = 'info'
let g:ycm_min_num_identifier_candidate_chars = 2
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings=1
let g:ycm_key_invoke_completion = '<c-z>'
set completeopt=menu,menuone

noremap <c-z> <NOP>
" 换行的时候可以自动跳到下一行
imap {<CR> {<CR>}<ESC>O

let g:ycm_semantic_triggers =  {
			\ 'c,cpp,python,java,go,erlang,perl': ['re!\w{2}'],
			\ 'cs,lua,javascript': ['re!\w{2}'],
			\ }
let g:ycm_filetype_whitelist = {
			\ "c":1,
			\ "cpp":1,
			\ "objc":1,
			\ "sh":1,
			\ "zsh":1,
			\ "zimbu":1,
			\ }

使用YCM
编辑文本时，自动弹出补全菜单，通过tab和shift+tab键上下切换选项，enter或空格进行选取。

auto-pairs——括号自动补全

主要功能是括号和引号自动补全，输入左引号和左括号自动补全另外一半,安装好就可以无需额外配置
Plugin 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
之后在vim中输入:PluginInstall等待安装即可

NERDTree——目录树

**添加目录树：**nerdtree
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'

**添加git状态图标：**nerdtree-git
Plugin 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'

在vim中输入:PluginInstall

配置NERDTree

"使用F3键快速调出和隐藏它
map <F3> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>

let NERDTreeChDirMode=1

"显示书签"
let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1

"设置忽略文件类型"
let NERDTreeIgnore=['\~$', '\.pyc$', '\.swp$']

"窗口大小"
let NERDTreeWinSize=25

" 修改默认箭头
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '▸'
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '▾'

"How can I open a NERDTree automatically when vim starts up if no files were specified?
autocmd StdinReadPre * let s:std_in=1
autocmd VimEnter * if argc() == 0 && !exists("s:std_in") | NERDTree | endif

" 打开vim时自动打开NERDTree
autocmd vimenter * NERDTree           

"How can I open NERDTree automatically when vim starts up on opening a directory?
autocmd StdinReadPre * let s:std_in=1
autocmd VimEnter * if argc() == 1 && isdirectory(argv()[0]) && !exists("s:std_in") | exe 'NERDTree' argv()[0] | wincmd p | ene | endif

" 关闭vim时，如果打开的文件除了NERDTree没有其他文件时，它自动关闭，减少多次按:q!
autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTree") && b:NERDTree.isTabTree()) | q | endif

" 开发的过程中，我们希望git信息直接在NERDTree中显示出来， 和Eclipse一样，修改的文件和增加的文件都给出相应的标注， 这时需要安装的插件就是 nerdtree-git-plugin,配置信息如下
let g:NERDTreeIndicatorMapCustom = {
    \ "Modified"  : "✹",
    \ "Staged"    : "✚",
    \ "Untracked" : "✭",
    \ "Renamed"   : "➜",
    \ "Unmerged"  : "═",
    \ "Deleted"   : "✖",
    \ "Dirty"     : "✗",
    \ "Clean"     : "✔︎",
    \ "Unknown"   : "?"
    \ }

" 显示行号
let NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1
let NERDTreeAutoCenter=1

" 在终端启动vim时，共享NERDTree
let g:nerdtree_tabs_open_on_console_startup=1

使用NERDTree

F3：自定义启用/隐藏目录树
?: 快速帮助文档
o: 打开一个目录或者打开文件，创建的是buffer，也可以用来打开书签
go: 打开一个文件，但是光标仍然留在NERDTree，创建的是buffer
t: 打开一个文件，创建的是Tab，对书签同样生效
T: 打开一个文件，但是光标仍然留在NERDTree，创建的是Tab，对书签同样生效
i: 水平分割创建文件的窗口，创建的是buffer
gi: 水平分割创建文件的窗口，但是光标仍然留在NERDTree
s: 垂直分割创建文件的窗口，创建的是buffer
gs: 和gi，go类似
x: 收起当前打开的目录
X: 收起所有打开的目录
e: 以文件管理的方式打开选中的目录
D: 删除书签
P: 大写，跳转到当前根路径
p: 小写，跳转到光标所在的上一级路径
K: 跳转到第一个子路径
J: 跳转到最后一个子路径
<C-j>和<C-k>: 在同级目录和文件间移动，忽略子目录和子文件
C: 将根路径设置为光标所在的目录
u: 设置上级目录为根路径
U: 设置上级目录为跟路径，但是维持原来目录打开的状态
r: 刷新光标所在的目录
R: 刷新当前根路径
I: 显示或者不显示隐藏文件
f: 打开和关闭文件过滤器
q: 关闭NERDTree
A: 全屏显示NERDTree，或者关闭全屏

terminal终端美化

终端美化插件og-my-zsh，可以搭配mac自带的zsh终端，也可以下载iterm2