linux，对根目录进行扩充（lvm）

1、加载一块新硬盘

2、fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):n   //” 命令n用于添加新分区"
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
   e   extended
Select (default e):    //"默认就行，按 Enter 确定键

Partition number (1-4):   //fdisk会让你选择主分区的编号，默认就行
First cylinder (0-3916, default 0): //此时，fdisk又会让你选择该分区的开始值这个就是分区的Start 值（start cylinder）；这里最好直接按回车，
Using default value 2611
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (0-3916, default 3916): //此时，fdisk又会让你选择该分区的开始值这个就是分区的End 值这里最好直接按回车，
Using default value 3916

Command (m for help): w   //w "保存所有并退出，分区划分完毕"
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
三、我们的新建分区/dev/sdb，却不是LVM的。所以，接下来使用fdisk将其改成LVM的。
#fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): m
Command (m for help): t   //改变分区系统id 

Partition number (1-4): 1 //指定分区号
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e  //指定要改成的id号，8e代表LVM
Command (m for help): w
四、为了保证不会出问题，还是保险起见，重启一下系统，登陆系统。
五、格式化该新添加的分区：
#fdisk -l

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb 0 3916 10483750 8e Linux LVM
你会发现多了一块分区。

查看  / 跟目录的格式

 [root@zabbix 16:38:04~]# mount -l
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=230704k,nr_inodes=57676,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/mapper/centos-root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)   ## xfs格式的
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=35,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12975)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=48364k,mode=700)

 

ext3格式扩展：https://blog.csdn.net/moyuanbomo/article/details/81669983

xfs格式扩展：https://blog.csdn.net/moyuanbomo/article/details/81670389