swift 运算符重载

 

  类和结构体可以位现有的运算符提供自定义的实现。成为运算符重载

code 

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface
  
import UIKit

struct Vector2D{
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0

}
extension Vector2D{
static func + (left:Vector2D,right:Vector2D) ->Vector2D {
        return Vector2D(x:left.x+right.x,y:left.y+right.y)
    }
}

let vector = Vector2D(x:3.0,y: 1.0)
let anotherVector = Vector2D(x:2.0,y:4.0)
let combindVector = vector + anotherVector
print(combindVector.x)

print(combindVector.y)

结果都是5

一元运算符重载

类与结构体也能提供标准一元运算符的实现

要实现前缀或后缀运算符，需要在声明运算符函数的时候在func关键字之前指定prefix或postfix限定符

code

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface
  
import UIKit

struct Vector2D{
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0

}
extension Vector2D{
static func + (left:Vector2D,right:Vector2D) ->Vector2D {
        return Vector2D(x:left.x+right.x,y:left.y+right.y)
    }
    static prefix func - (vector:Vector2D)-> Vector2D{
        return Vector2D(x:-vector.x,y:-vector.y)
    }
}

let vector = Vector2D(x:3.0,y: 1.0)
let anotherVector = Vector2D(x:2.0,y:4.0)
let combindVector = vector + anotherVector

let negatice = -vector
print(negatice.x)
print(negatice.y)

结果 -3  -1

组合赋值运算符重载

组合复制运算符将赋值运算符(=)与其他运算符进行结合

在实现的时候，需要把运算符的左参数设置成inout类型，因为这个参数的值会在运算符函数内直接被修改

code

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface
  
import UIKit

struct Vector2D{
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0

}
extension Vector2D{
 static func += (left: inout Vector2D,right:Vector2D) {
    left = Vector2D(x:left.x+right.x,y: left.y+right.y)
    }

}

var vector = Vector2D(x:3.0,y: 1.0)
let anotherVector = Vector2D(x:2.0,y:4.0)
vector += anotherVector


print(vector.x)
print(vector.y)

结果都是5.0

等价运算符重载

自定义类和结构体不接受等价运算符的默认实现。也就是所谓的『等于』运算符（==）

要使用等价运算符来检查好你自己类型的等价，需要和其他中缀运算符一样提哦那个一个『等于』运算符重载，并且遵循标准库的Equatable协议

code

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface
  
import UIKit

struct Vector2D{
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0

}
extension Vector2D{

    static func == (left:Vector2D,right:Vector2D)->Bool{
        return (left.x==right.x)&&(left.y==right.y)
    }
  
}

var vector = Vector2D(x:3.0,y: 1.0)
let anotherVector = Vector2D(x:2.0,y:4.0)



print(vector==anotherVector)

 

结果false

Swift' 为一下自定义类型提供等价运算符合成实现

只拥有遵循Equatable 协议存储的结构体

只拥有Equatable协议关联类型的枚举

没有关联类型的枚举

code

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface
  
import UIKit

struct Vector3D:Equatable{
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0,z=0.0

}
let twoThreeFor = Vector3D(x:2.0,y: 3.0,z:4.0)
let antherTwoThreeFour = Vector3D(x: 2.0, y: 3.0, z: 4.0)
print(twoThreeFor == antherTwoThreeFour)

结果

true