Java并发编程:Callable&Future
在之前的线程中,执行完任务之后无法获取执行结果。
如果需要获取执行结果,就必须通过共享变量或者使用线程通信的方式来达到效果,这样使用起来就比较麻烦。
而自从Java 1.5开始,就提供了Callable和Future,通过它们可以在任务执行完毕之后得到任务执行结果。
用一个简单的例子说明用法:
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class CallableAndFuture{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future =
threadPool.submit(
new Callable<String>() {
public String call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(2000);
return "hello";
};
}
);
System.out.println("等待结果.......");
try {
System.out.println("等到结果:" + future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
/*
CompletionService用于提交一组Callable任务,其take方法返回已完成的一个Callable任务对应的Future对象
执行threadPool2池子中的任务
*/
ExecutorService threadPool2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
CompletionService<Integer> completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService<Integer>(threadPool2);
for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){
final int seq = i;
completionService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(5000));
return seq;
}
});
}
for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){
try {
System.out.println(completionService.take().get()); //取出已经完成的任务
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}