CentOS7.6快速安装MySQL 5.7

此文章是写给入门级小白的，基本上等于傻瓜化安装，照着做即可！

注意：确保Liunx系统中未曾安装过mysql。或者将之前的mysql卸载！

1.系统环境：
    1.1 操作系统：CentOS 7.6
    1.2 CPU:2核心
    1.3 内存：3G
    1.4 磁盘空间：200G
    1.5 mysql安装目录：/opt/mysql

2. 修改virtualbox虚拟机中，主机hostname（此步骤可忽略）

echo "192.168.x.xxx hostname" >> /etc/hosts

3. 创建mysql需要的目录：

mkdir -p /opt/mysql/app

mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data/3306

mkdir -p  /opt/mysql/log/3306

4. 检查已经安装的mariadb

rpm -qa|grep mariadb

5. 卸载mariadb

// 注意：需要卸载所有查询到的mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadbxxx

6. 解压安装包

   如果你下载的安装包是mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz，直接tar zxvf解压即可。

tar xvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

7. 将解压后的目录转移至/opt/mysql/app/目录下，并改名为mysql

mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql/app/

cd /opt/mysql/app
mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

8. 删除CentOS默认创建的mysql用户,创建新的mysql用户

userdel mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql

9. 编辑mysql的bin环境变量

cd /opt/mysql/app/mysql/bin
vim ~/.bash_profile

      PATH=$PATH:/opt/mysql/app/mysql/bin:$HOME/bin

 

10. 配置mysql参数

vim /opt/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf

   10.1 添加以下内容：

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysql.sock
basedir=/opt/mysql/app/mysql
datadir=/opt/mysql/data/3306/data
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
max_allowed_packet=16M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
log-output=FILE
general_log = 0
general_log_file=/opt/mysql/log/3306/mysql01-general.err
slow_query_log = ON
slow_query_log_file=/opt/mysql/log/3306/mysql01-query.err
long_query_time=10
log-error=/opt/mysql/log/3306/mysql01-error.err

  10.2 创建my.cnf的快捷方式

ln -sf /opt/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

11. mysql安装初始化

/opt/mysql/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/app/mysql/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/3306/data/

12. 查看日志 记录下初始密码：

      这一句记录的就是原始密码：A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5:&!Dg/eGoDF

     原始密码： 5:&!Dg/eGoDF 

cd /opt/mysql/log/3306
cat mysql01-error.err



2020-04-06T05:47:51.826194Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-04-06T05:47:51.936172Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-04-06T05:47:52.200783Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 27bcd44b-77ca-11ea-a2bd-080027931e33.
2020-04-06T05:47:52.217304Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-04-06T05:47:55.136877Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-04-06T05:47:55.832265Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5:&!Dg/eGoDF

13. 编辑mysqld.service服务

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

      13.1 添加以下内容：

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/opt/mysql/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 65536
LimitNPROC = 65536

     13.2 给mysqld.service 添加权限

chmode u+x mysqld.service

     13.3 设置mysql开机自动启动

systemctl enable mysqld

14. 修改mysql中root用户密码

# 1. 登录
mysql -uroot -p
//password处输入日志中记录的原始密码

       14.1修改密码

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '新密码';

      14.2 设置远程登录用户信息

mysql -uroot -p
use mysql;
create USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '远程登录用户密码';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;

15. 关闭mysql数据库：

systemctl stop mysqld