一、基本介绍
二、应用实例
将中缀表达式"1+((2+3)x4)-5" 转换为 后缀表达式"1 2 3 + 4 x + 5 -"
思路:
1.初始化两个栈:运算符栈s1和存储中间结果的栈s2;
2.从左至右扫描中缀表达式;
3.扫描到操作数直接压入栈s2中;
4.扫描到运算符时,比较其与s1栈顶运算符的优先级:
4.1若s1为空或者栈顶运算符为左括号,则直接将扫描到的运算符压入s1;
4.2否则,若扫描到的运算符优先级比s1栈顶运算符高,也将其压入栈s1;
4.3否则,将s1栈顶运算符弹出并压入到栈s2中,同时再次与s1中新的栈顶运算符比较;
5.扫描到括号时:
5.1若扫描到的是左括号,则直接压入到栈s1中;
5.2若扫描到的是右括号,则依次弹出s1栈顶运算符,并压入栈s2,直至遇到左括号为止,最后将栈s1中的左括号丢弃;
6.重复步骤2-5,直到扫描到中缀表达式的最右边;
7.将s1中剩余的运算符依次弹出并压入栈s2;
8.依次弹出s2中的元素并输出,结果的逆序即为中缀表达式对应的后缀表达式。
package stack;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
public class InffixToSuffixExpression {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String inffixExpression = "1+((2+3)*4)-5";
List<String> inffiExpression_list = toList(inffixExpression); // 获得中缀表达式对应的List集合
List<String> suffixExpression_list = toParseSuffixExpression(inffiExpression_list);
Collections.reverse(suffixExpression_list); // 将list集合逆序,即为对应的后缀表达式
String suffixExpression = String.join("", suffixExpression_list); // 将list集合转为字符串
System.out.println("中缀表达式:" + inffixExpression);
System.out.println("后缀表达式:" + suffixExpression);
System.out.println("后缀表达式(逆波兰表达式)求值:" + calculate(suffixExpression_list));
}
// inffixExpression = "1+((2+3)*4)-5";
public static List<String> toList(String inffixExpression) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
char ch = ' ';
int index = 0;
String temp;
while (index != inffixExpression.length()) {
// 如果该字符是非数字,则将其直接放入list数组
if ((ch = inffixExpression.charAt(index)) < 48 || (ch = inffixExpression.charAt(index)) > 57) {
list.add(ch + "");
index++;
} else {
// 如果该字符是数字,则需要考虑多位数的情况
temp = ""; // 每循环一轮,都需将字符串置为空
while (index < inffixExpression.length() && (((ch = inffixExpression.charAt(index)) >= 48) && ((ch = inffixExpression.charAt(index)) <= 57))) {
temp += ch;
index++;
}
list.add(temp);
}
}
return list;
}
private static List<String> toParseSuffixExpression(List<String> list) {
Stack operStack = new Stack(32);
Stack tempStack = new Stack(32);
String op = "";
// 2、从左至右扫描中缀表达式
for (String item : list) {
// 3、遇到是数字时
if (item.matches("\\d+")) { // 匹配多位数
tempStack.push(item);
// 3.1、遇到左括号
} else if (item.equals("(")) {
operStack.push(item);
// 3.2、遇到右括号
} else if (item.equals(")")) {
while (!operStack.peek().equals("(")) {
tempStack.push(operStack.pop());
}
operStack.pop(); // 将左括号出栈
// 4、遇到运算符时
} else {
// 4.1、operStack栈为空 或 栈顶元素为( 时,直接将元素入栈
if (operStack.isEmpty() || operStack.peek().equals("(")) {
operStack.push(item);
// 4.2、该字符元素优先级比栈顶元素优先级高,则直接入栈
} else if (operStack.priority(item) > operStack.priority(operStack.peek())) {
operStack.push(item);
} else {
// 4.3、该字符元素的优先级 <= 栈顶元素的优先级
while(!operStack.isEmpty() && operStack.priority(item) <= operStack.priority(operStack.peek())) {
tempStack.push(operStack.pop());
}
// 退出while循环时,一般为当前元素的优先级高于栈顶元素的优先级,所以要将该元素直接入栈
operStack.push(item);
}
}
}
// 5、将operStack剩余的运算符弹出并压入tempStack
while (!operStack.isEmpty()) {
tempStack.push(operStack.pop());
}
// 6、弹出tempStack的元素放入List数组中返回,结果的逆序即为对应的后缀表达式
List<String> resultList = new ArrayList();
while(!tempStack.isEmpty()) {
resultList.add(tempStack.pop());
}
return resultList;
}
private static String calculate(List<String> list) {
Stack stack = new Stack(16);
int num1 = 0;
int num2 = 0;
int res = 0;
for (String item : list) {
if (item.matches("\\d+")) { // 匹配多位数字
stack.push(item);
} else {
num1 = Integer.parseInt(stack.pop());
num2 = Integer.parseInt(stack.pop());
if (item.equals("+")) {
res = num1 + num2;
} else if (item.equals("-")) {
res = num2 - num1;
} else if (item.equals("*")) {
res = num1 * num2;
} else if (item.equals("/")) {
res = num2 / num1;
} else {
System.out.println("无效运算符!");
}
stack.push(res+"");
}
}
// 栈中最后的值即为表达式的结果
return stack.pop();
}
}
class Stack {
private String[] arr;
private int maxSize;
private int top;
public Stack(int maxSize) {
this.maxSize = maxSize;
this.arr = new String[maxSize];
this.top = -1;
}
public String peek() {
return arr[top];
}
public void push(String val) {
if (isFull()) {
throw new RuntimeException("栈满,入栈失败!");
}
arr[++top] = val;
}
public String pop() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("栈空,出栈失败!");
}
return arr[top--];
}
public void print() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("栈空,出栈失败!");
}
System.out.print("栈元素:");
for (int i = top; i >= 0 ; i--) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
if (top == -1) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public boolean isFull() {
if (top == maxSize - 1) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public int priority(String ch) {
if (ch == "x" || ch == "/") {
return 1;
} else if (ch == "+" || ch == "-") {
return 0;
} else {
return -1;
}
}
}