Spring-Cloud 学习之旅 --- 快速开始（一）

本博文参考官方文档总结

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使用Spring Boot（本文使用Maven做依赖管理）

1. 启动方式分为2种

• 1.1 继承父级启动

在项目的pom.xml设置继承自 spring-boot-starter-parent

<!-- Inherit defaults from Spring Boot -->
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

使用这样的配置，你也可以在你自己的项目中通过重写一个属性来覆盖单个依赖。例如，要升级到另一个Spring Data 的版本系列，你可以将下面的内容添加到你的pom.xml

<properties>
    <spring-data-releasetrain.version>Fowler-SR2</spring-data-releasetrain.version>
</properties>

• 1.2 不使用父POM使用SpringBoot

不是每一个人都喜欢继承自spring-boot-starter-parent 的POM，你可能有自己需要去使用并继承的父POM，或者你可能更喜欢明确声明你的Maven配置，则可以使用一下的配置

<dependencyManagement>
     <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <!-- Import dependency management from Spring Boot -->
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

使用这样的配置，不允许你使用上面解释的使用一个属性的方式来覆盖单个依赖。为了达到同样的效果，您必须添加一个 dependencyManagement 入口。例如，要升级到另一个Spring Data 的版本系列，你可以将下面的内容添加到你的pom.xml

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Override Spring Data release train provided by Spring Boot -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-releasetrain</artifactId>
            <version>Fowler-SR2</version>
            <scope>import</scope>
            <type>pom</type>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

2. 修改Java版本号

spring-boot=starter-parent 会选择相对保守的Java兼容性，如果您想遵守我们的建议，并使用一个相对较新的Java版本，您可以添加一个 java.version 属性：

<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

3. 使用 Spring Boot Maven 插件

Spring-Boot 包含了一个Maven插件，允许我们将工程打包成一个可执行的jar包。如果您想要使用它，请将插件添加到您的 <plugins> 部分中：

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

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开始使用

入门程序是一组方便的依赖关系描述符，你可以包含在你的应用程序中。您无需通过示例代码和复制粘贴依赖关系描述就可以获得您所需要的所有关于Spring和相关技术的一站式服务。例如，如果你想要开始使用Spring和JPA做数据访问，只需要在您的项目中包含 spring-boot-start-data-jpa，您就可以开始使用了。

入门程序包括了许多您需要去快速创建和运行的依赖，并使用一致的受支持的传递依赖。

所有 官方的 开始者们都遵循类似的命名模式; spring-boot-starter-*，其中*是特定类型的应用程序。这个命名结构旨在在你需要查找一个启动程序的时候提供帮助。许多IDE中的Maven集成允许您通过名字来搜寻依赖。例如，在安装了相应的Eclipse或者STS插件以后，您可以简单地在POM编辑器中通过按 Ctrl-Space 并输入 spring-boot-starter 来获取完整的列表。

正如创建自己的启动器部分的描述相同，第三方启动器不应该以 spring-boot 启动，因为它预留了官方的 Spring Boot 工件。acme的第三方启动器通常命名为 acme-spring-boot-starter。

下面的应用启动器是由Spring Boot提供的 org.springframework.boot 分组的：

Name	Description	Pom
spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf	Starter for building MVC web applications using Thymeleaf views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-ws	Starter for using Spring Web Services. Deprecated as of 1.4 in favor of spring-boot-starter-web-services	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-couchbase	Starter for using Couchbase document-oriented database and Spring Data Couchbase	Pom
spring-boot-starter-artemis	Starter for JMS messaging using Apache Artemis	Pom
spring-boot-starter-web-services	Starter for using Spring Web Services	Pom
spring-boot-starter-mail	Starter for using Java Mail and Spring Framework’s email sending support	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-redis	Starter for using Redis key-value data store with Spring Data Redis and the Jedis client	Pom
spring-boot-starter-web	Starter for building web, including RESTful, applications using Spring MVC. Uses Tomcat as the default embedded container	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-gemfire	Starter for using GemFire distributed data store and Spring Data GemFire	Pom
spring-boot-starter-activemq	Starter for JMS messaging using Apache ActiveMQ	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch	Starter for using Elasticsearch search and analytics engine and Spring Data Elasticsearch	Pom
spring-boot-starter-integration	Starter for using Spring Integration	Pom
spring-boot-starter-test	Starter for testing Spring Boot applications with libraries including JUnit, Hamcrest and Mockito	Pom
spring-boot-starter-hornetq	Starter for JMS messaging using HornetQ. Deprecated as of 1.4 in favor of spring-boot-starter-artemis	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jdbc	Starter for using JDBC with the Tomcat JDBC connection pool	Pom
spring-boot-starter-mobile	Starter for building web applications using Spring Mobile	Pom
spring-boot-starter-validation	Starter for using Java Bean Validation with Hibernate Validator	Pom
spring-boot-starter-hateoas	Starter for building hypermedia-based RESTful web application with Spring MVC and Spring HATEOAS	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jersey	Starter for building RESTful web applications using JAX-RS and Jersey. An alternative to spring-boot-starter-web	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-neo4j	Starter for using Neo4j graph database and Spring Data Neo4j	Pom
spring-boot-starter-websocket	Starter for building WebSocket applications using Spring Framework’s WebSocket support	Pom
spring-boot-starter-aop	Starter for aspect-oriented programming with Spring AOP and AspectJ	Pom
spring-boot-starter-amqp	Starter for using Spring AMQP and Rabbit MQ	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-cassandra	Starter for using Cassandra distributed database and Spring Data Cassandra	Pom
spring-boot-starter-social-facebook	Starter for using Spring Social Facebook	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos	Starter for JTA transactions using Atomikos	Pom
spring-boot-starter-security	Starter for using Spring Security	Pom
spring-boot-starter-mustache	Starter for building MVC web applications using Mustache views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa	Starter for using Spring Data JPA with Hibernate	Pom
spring-boot-starter	Core starter, including auto-configuration support, logging and YAML	Pom
spring-boot-starter-velocity	Starter for building MVC web applications using Velocity views. Deprecated since 1.4	Pom
spring-boot-starter-groovy-templates	Starter for building MVC web applications using Groovy Templates views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-freemarker	Starter for building MVC web applications using FreeMarker views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-batch	Starter for using Spring Batch	Pom
spring-boot-starter-redis	Starter for using Redis key-value data store with Spring Data Redis and the Jedis client. Deprecated as of 1.4 in favor of spring-boot-starter-data-redis	Pom
spring-boot-starter-social-linkedin	Stater for using Spring Social LinkedIn	Pom
spring-boot-starter-cache	Starter for using Spring Framework’s caching support	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-solr	Starter for using the Apache Solr search platform with Spring Data Solr	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb	Starter for using MongoDB document-oriented database and Spring Data MongoDB	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jooq	Starter for using jOOQ to access SQL databases. An alternative to spring-boot-starter-data-jpa or spring-boot-starter-jdbc	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jta-narayana	Spring Boot Narayana JTA Starter	Pom
spring-boot-starter-cloud-connectors	Starter for using Spring Cloud Connectors which simplifies connecting to services in cloud platforms like Cloud Foundry and Heroku	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jta-bitronix	Starter for JTA transactions using Bitronix	Pom
spring-boot-starter-social-twitter	Starter for using Spring Social Twitter	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-rest	Starter for exposing Spring Data repositories over REST using Spring Data REST	Pom