1、IP
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//常用方法
//System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、端口
端口表示一个计算机的进程
不同进程有不同的端口号。
规定端口号的范围为0~65535(每个协议)tcp(0~65535)、udp(0~65535),总共65525*2
单个写一下端口号不可以相同,不同协议之间端口号的以重复。
端口分类:
- 公有端口:0~1023 尽量不要用
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或程序。
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65525 尽量不要用
常见操作:
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano | findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist/findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
ctr1+ shift + ESC #打开任务管理器的快捷键
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
//套接字
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress1);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress2.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress2.getPort());//端口
}
}
3、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
网络通信协议:速率,传输码奉,i代码结构,传输控制.…...问题:非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议。
重要:
TCP:用户传输协议。 UDP:用户数据报协议。
主要协议:
TCP:用户传输协议。 IP︰网络互连协议。
TCP与UDP
TCP:
- 连接、稳定
- 三次握手、四次挥手
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成、释放连接、效率低
UDP:
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界面
- 直接发送
- 好比导弹攻击
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击):强行发送大量垃圾数据包,堵塞网络。
4、TCP
客户端 :
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端01
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os =null;
try {
//1、需要知道服务器的地址、端口号
InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2、建立Socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp, port);
//3、发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,网络世界".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器:
- 建立服务端口 ServerSocket
- 等待客户链接 accept
- 接受消息
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null;
try {
//1、需要有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2、等待客户连接
while (true) {
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、读取客户端消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、建立连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2、创建输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3、读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("up.png");
//4、写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务端接收完了,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5、关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务器
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建服务端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//等待连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//获取数据
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//输出文件
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//告诉客户端我接收完了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,不可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务器:
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat S
客户端:
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP
类似发短信,不需要连接,需要知道对方地址
发送端
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要建立连接
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2、建立一个包
String msg = "Hello,Word!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
// 数据,数据的长度起始,要发给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3、发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostName());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送
发送端:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UpdateSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取,System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端:
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UpdateReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接受包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受
//bye断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
简易聊天(相会对话)
TalkSend
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader =null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) break;
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TaklReceive
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接受包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受
//bye断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(this.msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) break;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL(统一资源定位符:定位资源、定位互联网上的某一个资源)
协议://ip地址:端口/项目/资源
URL常用方法
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://www.baodu.com:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=yao&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件地址
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
使用URL下载网络资源
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20211124231827/4b608a1bc8ebd9c0293443c48c4e2c9c/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/11624482968/5b8b/9912/7c40/3877aa1c480cedeb274dae1b816efbb6.m4a");
//连接到这个资源
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("a.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println("下载完成");
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}