- 线程就是独立的执行路径;
- 在程序运行时,即使没有自己创建线程,后台也会有多个线程,如主线程,gc线程;
- main()称之为主线程,为系统的入口,用于执行整个程序;
- 在一个进程中,如果开辟了多个线程,线程的运行由调度器安排调度,调度器是与操作系统紧密相关的,先后顺序是不能人为的千预的。
- 对同一份资源操作时,会存在资源抢夺的问题,需要加入并发控制;线程会带来额外的开销,如cpu调度时间,并发控制开销。
- 每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当会造成数据不一致
多线程方法:
- 继承Thread类
- 继承Thread类实现多线程能力
- 启动线程:子类对象.start()
- 不推荐使用:避免OOP单继承局限性
- 实现Runnable接口
- 实现Runnable接口具有多线程能力
- 启动线程:传入目标对象+Thread(对象).start();
- 推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多线程使用。
Thread(多线程同时下载文件)
推荐使用Runnable
(需要commons-io包)
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
private String url;//下载连接
private String name;//文件名
public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//线程执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downLoader(url,name);
System.out.println("文件:"+name+",下载完成");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/images/commons-logo.png", "1.png");
TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://fanyi-cdn.cdn.bcebos.com/static/translation/img/header/logo_e835568.png", "百度翻译2.png");
TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/images/io-logo-white.png", "3.png");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downLoader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downLoader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
Runnable
//创建线程方式2:实现Runnable接口,重写run方法,执行线程都如runnable接口实现类,调用start方法。
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable {
private String url;//下载连接
private String name;//文件名
public TestThread3(String url, String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//线程执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downLoader(url,name);
System.out.println("文件:"+name+",下载完成");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread3 t1 = new TestThread3("https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/images/commons-logo.png", "Apache.png");
TestThread3 t2 = new TestThread3("https://fanyi-cdn.cdn.bcebos.com/static/translation/img/header/logo_e835568.png", "百度翻译.png");
TestThread3 t3 = new TestThread3("https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/images/io-logo-white.png", "commons.png");
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t2).start();
new Thread(t3).start();
}
}
并发问题
龟兔赛跑:
//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
//胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
//如果比赛结束就停止程序
if (flag) break;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断比赛是否完成
public boolean gameOver(int steps){
//判断是否有胜利者
if (winner!=null) {
return true;//已经有胜利者了
}{
if (steps==100){
winner=Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
Callable
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
//线程创建方式3:实现Callable接口
/*
Callable优点:
1、可以定义返回值
2、可以抛出异常
*/
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url;//下载连接
private String name;//文件名
public TestCallable(String url, String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//线程执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downLoader(url,name);
System.out.println("文件:"+name+",下载完成");
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/images/commons-logo.png", "1.png");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://fanyi-cdn.cdn.bcebos.com/static/translation/img/header/logo_e835568.png", "百度翻译2.png");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/images/io-logo-white.png", "3.png");
//创建服务:
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//开启服务:
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果:
Boolean rs1 = r1.get();
Boolean rs2 = r2.get();
Boolean rs3 = r3.get();
//关闭服务:
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downLoader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downLoader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
静态代理模式
//静态代理
/*
总结:
1、真实对象和代理对象必须要实现同一个接口
2、代理对象要代理真实对象
好处:
1、代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
2、真实对象做自己的事情
*/
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You();
new Thread(()-> System.out.println("I love you")).start();
new WeddingCompany(new You()).happyMarry();
// WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
// weddingCompany.happyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void happyMarry();
}
//真实角色
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void happyMarry() {
System.out.println("结婚");
}
}
//代理角色
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void happyMarry() {
before();
this.target.happyMarry();//这就是真实对象
after();
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚之后收尾款");
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚之前布置现场");
}
}
lambda表达式
无参:
/*
Lambda表达式推导
*/
public class TestLambda1 {
//3、静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike{
@Override
public void Lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.Lambda();
like = new Like2();
like.Lambda();
//4、局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike{
@Override
public void Lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda3");
}
}
like = new Like3();
like.Lambda();
//5、匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
like = new ILike() {
@Override
public void Lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda4");
}
};
like.Lambda();
//6、用Lambda表达式简化
like = ()->{
System.out.println("I like lambda5");
};
like.Lambda();
}
}
//1、定义了一个函数式接口(只有一个方法的接口就是函数式接口)
interface ILike{
void Lambda();
}
//2、实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void Lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda");
}
}
有参:
/*
JDK8新增特性
总结:
lambda表达式只能有一行的s情况下,才能简化为一行,否则就要用代码块(花括号)包裹
使用lambda表达式的前提接口为函数式接口(只有一个方法)
多个参数也可以去掉类型,但是必须由括号包裹,只有一个参数时可以不加括号
*/
public class TestLambda2 {
static class Love2 implements ILove{
@Override
public void love(int a) {
System.out.println("I love you "+a);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILove love = new Love();
love.love(1);
love = new Love2();
love.love(2);
class Love3 implements ILove{
@Override
public void love(int a) {
System.out.println("I love you "+a);
}
}
love = new Love3();
love.love(3);
love = new ILove() {
@Override
public void love(int a) {
System.out.println("I love you "+a);
}
};
love.love(4);
/*//lambda表示简化
love = (int a) -> {System.out.println("I love you " + a);};
//1、简化参数类型
//love = (a) -> {System.out.println("I love you " + a);};
//2、简化括号
love = a-> {System.out.println("I love you " + a);};*/
//简化花括号
love = a-> System.out.println("I love you " + a);
love.love(5);
}
}
interface ILove{
void love(int a);
}
class Love implements ILove{
@Override
public void love(int a) {
System.out.println("I love you "+a);
}
}
线程停止
不推荐强行停止线程,推荐用合理的方法让线程自己停止。
//测试stop
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//设置一个标志位
private Boolean flag=true;
private int i=0;
@Override
public void run() {
while(flag){
System.out.println("Run...Thread"+i++);
}
}
//设置一种公开的方法,停止线程
public void stop(){
this.flag=false;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
System.out.println("main...."+i);
if(i==900) {
//调用stop()方法切换标志位,停止线程
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程停止");
}
}
}
}
线程休眠
- sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞毫秒数;
- sleep存在异常InterruptedException;
- sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态;
- sleep可以模拟网络延时。倒计时等。
- 每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁。
网络延时
//模拟网络延时:放大问题的发生性
public class TestSleep implements Runnable {
private int ticketNums=10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (ticketNums<=0) break;
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ ticketNums-- +"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestSleep testSleep = new TestSleep();
new Thread(testSleep,"小明").start();
new Thread(testSleep,"黄牛").start();
new Thread(testSleep,"老师").start();
}
}
倒计时
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
}
}
//模拟倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int nums=10;
while(true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(nums--);
if (nums<=0) break;
}
}
}
线程礼让
- 让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但是不阻塞。
- 将线程从运行状态重新转换为就绪状态。
- 让CPU重新调度,礼让不一定成功。
//测试线程礼让
//礼让不一定成功,看CPU调度。
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield1 = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield1,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield1,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->线程开始");
Thread.yield();//线程礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->线程停止");
}
}
线程强制执行_join
//线程合并,好比插队,join之后会先执行join线程再正常执行
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("join线程-->"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//新建对象,启动线程
TestJoin join = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(join);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
if (i==50) thread.join();
System.out.println("main-->"+i);
}
}
}
监测线程状态
//测试监控线程状态
public class TestState{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("........");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
//观察启动后状态
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
System.out.println(state);
//循环观察线程状态
while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
System.out.println(state);
}
}
}
线程优先级
- java提供一个线程调度器来监控程序启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程,线程调度器按照优先级决定应该调度哪一个线程来执行。(线程优先级越高优先执行的可能性越大,不一定高优先级就一定先执行)
- 线程优先级用数字表示(1~10)。
- Thread.MIN_PRIORITY = 1;
- Thread.MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
- Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5;
getPriority();//获取线程优先级
setPriority(int xxx);//改变线程优先级
//获取、配置优先级
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示主线程名称和优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
//先设置优先级,再启动
t1.start();
//t1.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
t2.setPriority(2);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(6);
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(8);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//展示线程名称和优先级
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
守护线程
守护线程不会被虚拟机确保一直执行。
用户线程会被虚拟机确保执行完毕。
线程默认为用户线程。
方法:setDaemon();
案例:
//测试线程守护
//愿风神忽悠你
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Wind wind = new Wind();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(wind);
thread.setDaemon(true);// 线程默认为用户线程(false),可以设置为守护线程(true)。
thread.start();
new Thread(you).start();//ni(用户线程)启动了。。。
}
}
//上帝
class Wind implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("愿风神忽悠你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你开心的第"+ i +"天");
}
System.out.println("Goodbye");
}
}
线程同步
解决并发问题,使用线程同步(队列+锁)
三大不安全案例
1、买火车票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"我").start();
new Thread(station,"小明").start();
new Thread(station,"黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票、判断标志
private int ticketNums = 10;
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag == true){
buy();
}
}
public void buy(){
if (ticketNums <= 0){
flag = false;
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买到了第" + ticketNums-- +"张票");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、取钱
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account vip = new Account(500, "VIP");
Drawing drawing1 = new Drawing(vip, 300, "小明");
Drawing drawing2 = new Drawing(vip, 500, "小红");
drawing1.start();
drawing2.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
private int money;
private String name;
public Account(int money,String name){
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(int money) {
this.money = money;
}
}
//取钱
class Drawing extends Thread{
//账户
Account account;
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
String name;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
this.name = name;
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
drawing();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//取钱
public void drawing() throws InterruptedException {
//Thread.sleep(200);
if (account.getMoney()-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(name+"卡里面钱不够了");
return;
}
System.out.println(name+"取出:"+drawingMoney+"元");
account.setMoney(account.getMoney()-drawingMoney);
System.out.println(name+"卡余额还有:"+account.getMoney());
System.out.println(name+"目前手中有:"+drawingMoney+"元");
}
}
3、不安全的集合
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName())).start();
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
线程同步(解决线程不安全问题)
1、买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"我").start();
new Thread(station,"小明").start();
new Thread(station,"黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票、判断标志
private int ticketNums = 10;
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag == true){
try {
buy();
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
if (ticketNums <= 0){
flag = false;
return;
}
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买到了第" + ticketNums-- +"张票");
}
}
2、取钱
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account vip = new Account(5000, "VIP");
Drawing drawing1 = new Drawing(vip, 300, "小明");
Drawing drawing2 = new Drawing(vip, 500, "小红");
drawing1.start();
drawing2.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
private int money;
private String name;
public Account(int money,String name){
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(int money) {
this.money = money;
}
}
//取钱
class Drawing extends Thread{
//账户
Account account;
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
String name;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
this.name = name;
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//synchronized默认锁的是this,
//可以用synchronized块锁需要增删改的对象。
synchronized (account){
try {
drawing();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//取钱
public void drawing() throws InterruptedException {
//Thread.sleep(200);
if (account.getMoney()-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(name+"卡里面钱不够了");
return;
}
System.out.println(name+"取出:"+drawingMoney+"元");
account.setMoney(account.getMoney()-drawingMoney);
System.out.println(name+"卡余额还有:"+account.getMoney());
System.out.println(name+"目前手中有:"+drawingMoney+"元");
}
}
3、arrayList
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
//arraylist是不安全的集合,可以用synchronized锁住需要更新的对象。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized(list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
JUC包下的安全的集合(CopyOnWriteArrayList)
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
//测试JUC下安全的集合(CopyOnWriteArrayList)
public class RestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(300);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
线程死锁
//化妆
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "小红");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "小绿");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{}
//镜子
class Mirror{}
//化妆
class Makeup extends Thread{
//设置为静态可以保证对象只有一个
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice;//选择
String name;//人
Makeup(int choice,String name){
this.choice = choice;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//化妆
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//化妆,互相持有对方的锁,构成线程死锁。
public void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice==0){
synchronized(lipstick){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得了口红");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得了镜子");
}
}else {
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得了镜子");
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
}
}
}
达成死锁的四个必要条件:(只要阻止其中一个,就可以解开死锁)
- 互斥条件:一个资源每次只能被一个进程使用。
- 请求与保持条件:一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放。
- 不剥夺条件:进程已获得的资源,在末使用完之前,不能强行剥夺。
- 循环等待条件:若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系。
ReentrantLock(可重用锁)
是显示锁,只有代码块锁,
JVM花费时间更少,性能更好。且具有更好的扩展性。
使用顺序:
Lock>同步代码块(已经进入了相应的方法体,分配了相应的资源)>同步方法(在方法体之外)
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
//Lock锁
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNums = 10;
//定义lock锁
ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();//加锁
if (ticketNums>=0){
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else break;
}finally {
lock.unlock();//解锁
}
}
}
}
线程通信
生产者消费者问题(管城法)
//测试用生产者消费者模型解决线程通信----->利用缓冲区解决:程管法
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Producer(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Producer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Producer(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
container.push(new Product(i));
System.out.println("生产了第"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
//消费
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了第"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Product{
int id;
public Product(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器
Product[] products = new Product[10];
int count=0;
//生产者生产产品
public synchronized void push(Product product){
//如果容器满了提醒消费者消费
while(count == this.products.length){
//提醒消费者消费
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果容器没满生产产品
products[count] = product;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Product pop(){
//如果容器空了提醒生产者生产产品
while (count==0){
//等待生产者生产产品
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果容器没空消费产品
count--;
Product product = products[count];
this.notifyAll();
return product;
}
}
生产者消费者问题(信号灯法)
//生产者消费者问题2:信号灯法。
//表演
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watch(tv).start();
}
}
//演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if (i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
}else {
this.tv.play("抖音");
}
}
}
}
//观众
class Watch extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watch(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
this.tv.watch();
}
}
}
//表演
class TV{
String voice;//节目
boolean flag = true; //为T演员表演,为F观众观看
//演员表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if (!flag){
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了"+voice);
notifyAll();
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观众观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if (flag){
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了"+voice);
notifyAll();
flag = !this.flag;
}
}
线程池
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建线程池
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
//添加线程
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//关闭线程池
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
总结
线程的创建
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
//回顾总结线程创建方式
public class ThreadNew {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
new MyThread1().start();
MyThread2 thread2 = new MyThread2();
new Thread(thread2).start();
MyThread3 thread3 = new MyThread3();
FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(thread3);
new Thread(futureTask).start();
Object o = futureTask.get();
System.out.println(o);
}
}
//继承Thread类
class MyThread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread");
}
}
//实现Runnable接口
class MyThread2 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Runnable");
}
}
//实现Callable接口
class MyThread3 implements Callable<Integer>{
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Callable");
return 100;
}
}