设头指针为L的带有表头结点的非循环双向链表,其每个结点中除有 pred(前驱指针入data(数据)和next(后继指针)域外,还有一个访问频度域freq。在链表被启用前,其值均初始化为零。每当在链表中进行一次 Locate(L,x)运算时,令元素值×的结点中freq 域的值增1,并使此链表中结点保持按访问频度非增(递减)的顺序排列,同时最近访问的结点排在频度相同的结点前面,以便使频繁访问的结点总是靠近表头。试编写符合上述要求的Locate(L,x)运算的算法,该运算为函数过程,返回找到结点的地址,类型为指针型。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct Node {
int data;
int freq; // 访问频度
struct Node* pred;
struct Node* next;
} Node;
// 插入节点到双向链表并初始化频度为0
Node* insertNode(Node** head, int value) {
Node* newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
newNode->data = value;
newNode->freq = 0;
newNode->next = *head;
if (*head != NULL) {
(*head)->pred = newNode;
}
newNode->pred = NULL;
*head = newNode;
return newNode;
}
// 更新节点的访问频度并重新排序链表
void updateAndSort(Node** head, Node* target) {
target->freq++; // 访问频度加1
// 将目标节点移到正确的位置
while (target->pred != NULL && (target->pred->freq > target->freq ||
(target->pred->freq == target->freq && target->pred->data > target->data))) {
// 交换target与它前驱节点的数据和频度
Node* temp = target->pred;
int tempData = target->data;
int tempFreq = target->freq;
target->data = temp->data;
target->freq = temp->freq;
temp->data = tempData;
temp->freq = tempFreq;
// 更新指针关系
if (temp->pred != NULL) {
temp->pred->next = target;
} else {
*head = target; // 如果target移动到了头部,则更新头指针
}
target->pred = temp->pred;
temp->pred = target;
target->next->pred = temp;
temp->next = target->next;
}
}
// 查找节点并更新频度及排序
Node* Locate(Node** head, int x) {
Node* current = *head;
while (current != NULL) {
if (current->data == x) {
updateAndSort(head, current);
return current;
}
current = current->next;
}
return NULL; // 没有找到该元素
}
int main() {
Node* head = NULL;
// 初始化链表...
// insertNode(&head, ...);
// 使用Locate函数查找并更新频度及排序...
return 0;
}