Step into Scala - 22 - Xml

目录

摘要

创建 XML，使用占位符创建 XML，解析 XML，NodeBuffer，保存 XML，序列化与反序列化

Xml

创建 XML

//创建 XML
val langs = <langs>
  <lang>Java</lang> <lang>Groovy</lang> <lang>Scala</lang>
</langs>

//格式化输出
val p = new PrettyPrinter(80, 4)
println(p.format(langs))
//输出
/*
<langs>
  <lang>Java</lang>
  <lang>Groovy</lang>
  <lang>Scala</lang>
</langs>
 */

//去除空白
println(scala.xml.Utility.trim(langs))
//<langs><lang>Java</lang><lang>Groovy</lang><lang>Scala</lang></langs>

• PrettyPrinter 可以对输出的 XML 增加可读性
• xml.Utility 可以去除 XML 之间的空白

使用占位符创建 XML

就像普通 String 对象一样可以在 XML 中使用占位符 “{}”

val name = "Bill"
val age = 42
val person = <person>
  <name>
    {name}
  </name> <age>
    {age}
  </age>
</person>
val p = new PrettyPrinter(80, 4)
println(p.format(person))
//输出
/*
<person>
  <name> Bill </name>
  <age> 42 </age>
</person>
 */

//list
val fruits = List("apple", "banana", "orange")
val ul = <ul>
  {fruits.map(i => <li>
    {i}
  </li>)}
</ul>
println(p.format(ul))
//输出
/*
<ul>
  <li> apple </li>
  <li> banana </li>
  <li> orange </li>
</ul>
 */

解析 XML

Scala 可以使用 “\” ，”@” 等符号实现基于 XPATH 的访问方式

val weather =
  <rss>
    <channel>
      <title>Yahoo! Weather - Boulder, CO</title>
      <item>
        <title>Conditions for Boulder, CO at 2:54 pm MST</title>
        <forecast day="Thu" date="10 Nov 2011" low="37" high="58" text="Partly Cloudy"
                  code="29"/>
        <forecast day="Fri" date="11 Nov 2011" low="39" high="58"
                  text="Mostly Cloudy" code="28"/>
        <forecast day="Sat" date="12 Nov 2011" low="32" high="49" text="Cloudy"
                  code="27"/>
      </item>
    </channel>
  </rss>

val forecast = (weather \ "channel" \ "item" \ "forecast")(0)
val day = forecast \ "@day"
val low = (weather \\ "forecast")(0) \ "@low"
println(forecast) //<forecast day="Thu" date="10 Nov 2011" low="37" high="58" text="Partly Cloudy" code="29"/>
println(day, day.getClass) //(Thu,class scala.xml.Group)
println(day.text, day.text.getClass) //(Thu,class java.lang.String)
println(low) //37


val forecastNodes = weather \\ "forecast"
forecastNodes.foreach { n =>
  val day = (n \ "@day").text
  val date = (n \ "@date").text
  val low = (n \ "@low").text
  println(s"$day, $date, Low: $low")
}

NodeBuffer

NodeBuffer 继承自 ArrayBuffer。

//nodeBuffer
val x = new xml.NodeBuffer
x += <li>apple</li>
x += <li>banana</li>
val ul2 = <ul>
  {x}
</ul>
val p = new PrettyPrinter(80, 4)
println(p.format(ul2))
//outputs
/*
<ul>
  <li>apple</li>
  <li>banana</li>
</ul>
 */

val nb = new xml.NodeBuffer
val nb2 = nb &+ <li>apple</li> &+ <li>banana</li> &+ <li>cherry</li>
val ul3 = <ul>
  {nb2}
</ul>
println(p.format(ul3))
//outputs
/*
<ul>
  <li>apple</li>
  <li>banana</li>
  <li>cherry</li>
</ul>
 */

保存 XML

保存 XML 到本地文件

val portfolio =
  <portfolio>
    <stocks>
      <stock>AAPL</stock>
      <stock>AMZN</stock>
      <stock>GOOG</stock>
    </stocks>
    <reits>
      <reit>Super REIT 1</reit>
    </reits>
  </portfolio>

//设置 DocType，可选
val doctype = DocType("html",
  PublicID("-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN",
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"),
  Nil)
//保存到文件
scala.xml.XML.save("coffeetime-scala/outputs/portfolio.xml", portfolio, "utf-8", true, doctype)

序列化与反序列化

定义需要序列化的 Bean

class Stock(var symbol: String, var businessName: String, var price: Double) {

  def toXml = {
    <stock>
      <symbol>{symbol}</symbol>
      <businessName>{businessName}</businessName>
      <price>{price}</price>
    </stock>
  }

  override def toString =
    s"symbol: $symbol, businessName: $businessName, price: $price"
}

object Stock {

  def fromXml(node: scala.xml.Node):Stock = {
    val symbol = (node \ "symbol").text
    val businessName = (node \ "businessName").text
    val price = (node \ "price").text.toDouble
    new Stock(symbol, businessName, price)
  }

}

//序列化
val aapl = new Stock("AAPL", "Apple", 600d)
println(aapl.toXml)
//outputs
/*
  <stock>
    <symbol>AAPL</symbol>
    <businessName>Apple</businessName>
    <price>600.0</price>
  </stock>
 */


//反序列化
val googXml = <stock>
  <symbol>GOOG</symbol>
  <businessName>Google</businessName>
  <price>620.00</price>
</stock>
val goog = Stock.fromXml(googXml)
println(goog) //symbol: GOOG, businessName: Google, price: 620.0