016——hibernate实体对象查询&&list和iterate的区别

实体类以及映射文件参考上一篇文章

测试类：

package test;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import com.java.hibernate.HibernateUtils;
import com.java.hibernate.Student;

public class SimpleObjectQueryTest extends TestCase{

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			//返回Student对象的集合,可以忽略select关键字
			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for(Iterator iter = students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student) iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getId() + "-----" + student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			//返回Student对象的集合，可以忽略select关键字，可以加入别名
			List students = session.createQuery("from Student s").list();
			//可以采用as命名别名
//			List students = session.createQuery("from Student s").list();
			for(Iterator iter = students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student) iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getId() + "-----" + student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	public void testQuery3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			//返回Student对象的集合,如果使用select查询实体对象，必须使用别名
			List students = session.createQuery("select s from Student s").list();
			//使用select * from .....,这种语法会抛出org.hibernate.hql.ast.QuerySyntaxException: unexpected token: * near line 1, column 8 [select * from com.java.hibernate.Student s]
			//List students = session.createQuery("select * from Student s").list();
			for(Iterator iter = students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student) iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getId() + "-----" + student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
}

N + 1问题，就是发出了N+1条sql语句

•  1：首先发出查询对象id列表的语句
• N：根据id到缓存中查询，如果缓存中不存在与之匹配的数据，那么会根据id发出相应的sql语句

list和iterate的区别：

• list： 默认情况下list每次都会发出sql语句，list会将数据放到缓存中，而不利用缓存
•  iterate：默认情况下iterate利用缓存，如果缓存中不存在会出现N+1问题

测试类：

package test;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import com.java.hibernate.HibernateUtils;
import com.java.hibernate.Student;

public class ListAndIterateTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			/**
			 * 采用list查询实体对象会发出一条查询语句，取得实体对象数据
			 * 
			 * Hibernate: select student0_.id as id0_, student0_.name as name0_, 
			 * student0_.createTime as createTime0_, student0_.classesid as classesid0_ 
			 * from t_student student0_
			 */
			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			/**
			 * 会出现N+1问题，所谓的N+1指的是发出了N+1条sql语句
			 * 
			 * 1:发出一条查询id列表的语句
			 * Hibernate: select student0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_student student0_
			 * 
			 * N:根据id发出N条sql语句，加载相关的对象
			 * Hibernate: select student0_.id as id0_0_, student0_.name as name0_0_, 
			 * student0_.createTime as createTime0_0_, student0_.classesid as classesid0_0_ 
			 * from t_student student0_ where student0_.id=?
			 * 
			 */
			Iterator iter = session.createQuery("from Student").iterate();
			while (iter.hasNext()) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	

	public void testQuery3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
			/**
			 * 避免了N+1问题
			 * 
			 * 因为执行list操作后会将数据放到session的缓存中（一级缓存），所以采用iterate的时候
			 * 首先会发出一条查询id列表的语句，再根据id到缓存中加载相应的数据，如果缓存中存在与之匹配的数据
			 * 则不再发出根据id查询的sql语句，直接使用缓存中的数据
			 * 
			 * Iterate方法如果缓存中存在数据，它可以提高性能，否则出现N+1问题
			 * 
			 */
			Iterator iter = session.createQuery("from Student").iterate();
			while (iter.hasNext()) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}		

	public void testQuery4() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------");

			/**
			 * 再此发出查询语句
			 * 
			 * 在默认情况下，每次执行list查询实体对象都会发出查询语句，除非配置了查询缓存
			 * 虽然一级缓存中存在Student数据，但list不用，所以仍然发出查询语句，
			 * 
			 * 其实list就是只向缓存中放入数据，而不利用缓存中的数据
			 */
			students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}

			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

}