QT数据可视化框架编程实战之三维柱状图_补天云QT技术培训专家

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-17 11:35:59 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-04-17 11:35:59 发布
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QT数据可视化框架编程实战之三维柱状图_补天云QT技术培训专家

文章目录

简介
本文将介绍QT数据可视化框架编程实战之三维柱状图可视化的运行效果以及具体实现代码。
（本文广泛参考了QT数据可视化框架的例程。）

正文

QT数据可视化框架编程实战：三维柱状图可视化运行效果

QT数据可视化框架编程实战之三维柱状图可视化的运行效果如下图所示。数据按照每年12个月，每月数据对应一个三维柱体。共三个坐标轴，水平方向的两个坐标轴分别是年份和月份；垂直方向一个坐标轴是收入。
在这里插入图片描述

演示视频如下所示：

QT数据可视化框架编程实战之三维柱状图 补天云QT技术培训专家

读者也可以访问这个链接观看演示视频：
QT数据可视化框架编程实战之三维柱状图 补天云QT技术培训专家

主程序实现C++代码

#include <QtGui/qguiapplication.h>
#include <QtQuick/qquickview.h>
#include <QtQml/qqmlengine.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    qputenv("QSG_RHI_BACKEND", "opengl");
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    QQuickView viewer;

    QString extraImportPath(QStringLiteral("%1/../../../../%2"));
    viewer.engine()->addImportPath(extraImportPath.arg(QGuiApplication::applicationDirPath(),
                                                       QString::fromLatin1("qml")));

    viewer.setTitle(QStringLiteral("Monthly income"));

    viewer.setSource(QUrl("qrc:/qml/qmlbars/main.qml"));
    viewer.setResizeMode(QQuickView::SizeRootObjectToView);
    viewer.setColor("black");
    viewer.show();

    return app.exec();
}

主场景 QML代码

main.qml文件：


import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls
import QtQuick.Layouts
import QtDataVisualization
import Qt.labs.qmlmodels

pragma ComponentBehavior: Bound

Item {
    id: mainview
    width: 1280
    height: 1024

    property int buttonLayoutHeight: 180
    property int currentRow
    state:  "landscape"

    Data {
        id: graphData
    }

    Axes {
        id: graphAxes
    }

    property Bar3DSeries selectedSeries
    selectedSeries: barSeries

    function handleSelectionChange(series, position) {
        if (position !== series.invalidSelectionPosition)
            selectedSeries = series;

        // Set tableView current row to selected bar
        var rowRole = series.dataProxy.rowLabels[position.x];
        var colRole;
        if (barGraph.columnAxis == graphAxes.total)
            colRole = "01";
        else
            colRole = series.dataProxy.columnLabels[position.y];
        var checkTimestamp = rowRole + "-" + colRole;

        if (currentRow === -1 || checkTimestamp !== graphData.model.get(currentRow).timestamp) {
            var totalRows = tableView.rows;
            for (var i = 0; i < totalRows; i++) {
                var modelTimestamp = graphData.model.get(i).timestamp;
                if (modelTimestamp === checkTimestamp) {
                    currentRow = i;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    Item {
        id: dataView
        anchors.right: mainview.right
        anchors.bottom: mainview.bottom

        Bars3D {
            id: barGraph
            anchors.fill: parent
            shadowQuality: AbstractGraph3D.ShadowQualitySoftHigh
            selectionMode: AbstractGraph3D.SelectionItem
            theme: Theme3D {
                type: Theme3D.ThemeEbony
                labelBorderEnabled: true
                font.pointSize: 35
                labelBackgroundEnabled: true
                colorStyle: Theme3D.ColorStyleRangeGradient
                singleHighlightGradient: customGradient

                ColorGradient {
                    id: customGradient
                    ColorGradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "#FFFF00" }
                    ColorGradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "#808000" }
                }
            }
            barThickness: 0.7
            barSpacing: Qt.size(0.5, 0.5)
            barSpacingRelative: false
            scene.activeCamera.cameraPreset: Camera3D.CameraPresetIsometricLeftHigh
            columnAxis: graphAxes.column
            rowAxis: graphAxes.row
            valueAxis: graphAxes.value


            Bar3DSeries {
                id: barSeries
                itemLabelFormat: "Income, @colLabel, @rowLabel: @valueLabel"
                baseGradient: barGradient

                ItemModelBarDataProxy {
                    id: modelProxy
                    itemModel: graphData.model
                    rowRole: "timestamp"
                    columnRole: "timestamp"
                    valueRole: "income"
                    rowRolePattern: /^(\d\d\d\d).*$/
                    columnRolePattern: /^.*-(\d\d)$/
                    rowRoleReplace: "\\1"
                    columnRoleReplace: "\\1"
                    multiMatchBehavior: ItemModelBarDataProxy.MMBCumulative
                }
                //! [3]

                ColorGradient {
                    id: barGradient
                    ColorGradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "#00FF00" }
                    ColorGradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "#006000" }
                }

                onSelectedBarChanged: (position) => mainview.handleSelectionChange(barSeries,
                                                                                   position);
            }
        }
    }

    ColumnLayout {
        id: tableViewLayout

        anchors.top: parent.top
        anchors.left: parent.left

        HorizontalHeaderView {
            id: headerView
            readonly property var columnNames: ["Month", "Expenses", "Income"]

            syncView: tableView
            Layout.fillWidth: true
            delegate: Text {
                required property int index
                padding: 3
                text: headerView.columnNames[index]
                color: barGraph.theme.labelTextColor
                horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
                verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
                elide: Text.ElideRight
            }
        }

        TableView {
            id: tableView
            Layout.fillWidth: true
            Layout.fillHeight: true

            reuseItems: false
            clip: true

            model: TableModel {
                id: tableModel
                TableModelColumn { display: "timestamp" }
                TableModelColumn { display: "expenses" }
                TableModelColumn { display: "income" }

                rows: graphData.modelAsJsArray
            }

            delegate: Rectangle {
                id: delegateRoot
                required property int row
                required property int column
                required property string display
                implicitHeight: 30
                implicitWidth: column === 0 ? tableView.width / 2 : tableView.width / 4
                color: row === mainview.currentRow ? barGraph.theme.gridLineColor
                                                   : barGraph.theme.windowColor
                border.color: row === mainview.currentRow ? barGraph.theme.labelTextColor
                                                          : barGraph.theme.gridLineColor
                border.width: 1
                MouseArea {
                    anchors.fill: parent
                    onClicked: mainview.currentRow = delegateRoot.row;
                }

                Text {
                    id: delegateText
                    anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
                    width: parent.width
                    anchors.leftMargin: 4
                    anchors.left: parent.left
                    anchors.right: parent.right
                    text: formattedText
                    property string formattedText: {
                        if (delegateRoot.column === 0) {
                            if (delegateRoot.display !== "") {
                                var pattern = /(\d\d\d\d)-(\d\d)/;
                                var matches = pattern.exec(delegateRoot.display);
                                var colIndex = parseInt(matches[2], 10) - 1;
                                return matches[1] + " - " + graphAxes.column.labels[colIndex];
                            }
                        } else {
                            return delegateRoot.display;
                        }
                    }
                    color: barGraph.theme.labelTextColor
                    horizontalAlignment: delegateRoot.column === 0 ? Text.AlignLeft
                                                                   : Text.AlignHCenter
                    elide: Text.ElideRight
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //! [2]
    onCurrentRowChanged: {
        var timestamp = graphData.model.get(mainview.currentRow).timestamp;
        var pattern = /(\d\d\d\d)-(\d\d)/;
        var matches = pattern.exec(timestamp);
        var rowIndex = modelProxy.rowCategoryIndex(matches[1]);
        var colIndex;
        if (barGraph.columnAxis == graphAxes.total)
            colIndex = 0 ;// Just one column when showing yearly totals
        else
            colIndex = modelProxy.columnCategoryIndex(matches[2]);
        if (selectedSeries.visible)
            mainview.selectedSeries.selectedBar = Qt.point(rowIndex, colIndex);
        else if (barSeries.visible)
            barSeries.selectedBar = Qt.point(rowIndex, colIndex);
        else
            secondarySeries.selectedBar = Qt.point(rowIndex, colIndex);
    }
    //! [2]



    states: [
        State  {
            name: "landscape"
            PropertyChanges {
                target: dataView
                width: mainview.width / 4 * 3
                height: mainview.height
            }
            PropertyChanges  {
                target: tableViewLayout
                height: mainview.height - buttonLayoutHeight
                anchors.right: dataView.left
                anchors.left: mainview.left
                anchors.bottom: undefined
            }
            PropertyChanges  {
                target: controlLayout
                width: mainview.width / 4
                height: buttonLayoutHeight
                anchors.top: tableViewLayout.bottom
                anchors.bottom: mainview.bottom
                anchors.left: mainview.left
                anchors.right: dataView.left
            }
        }
    ]
}

坐标轴QML代码

axes.qml文件：


import QtQuick
import QtDataVisualization

Item {
    property alias column: columnAxis
    property alias row: rowAxis
    property alias value: valueAxis
    property alias total: totalAxis

    // Custom labels for columns, since the data contains abbreviated month names.
    //! [0]
    CategoryAxis3D {
        id: columnAxis
        labels: ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
            "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]
        labelAutoRotation: 30
    }
 
    CategoryAxis3D {
        id: totalAxis
        labels: ["Yearly total"]
        labelAutoRotation: 30
    }
    CategoryAxis3D {
        id: rowAxis
        labelAutoRotation: 30
    }

    ValueAxis3D {
        id: valueAxis
        min: 0
        max: 35
        labelFormat: "%.2f M\u20AC"
        title: "Monthly income"
        labelAutoRotation: 90
    }
}

数据模型定义 QML代码

data.qml文件：

import QtQuick
import QtQml.Models

Item {
    property alias model: dataModel

    property var modelAsJsArray: {
        var arr = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < dataModel.count; i++) {
            var row = dataModel.get(i);
            arr.push({
                         timestamp: row.timestamp,
                         expenses: row.expenses,
                         income: row.income
                     });
        }
        return arr;
    }

   ListModel {
        id: dataModel
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-01"; expenses: "-4";  income: "5" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-02"; expenses: "-5";  income: "6" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-03"; expenses: "-7";  income: "4" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-04"; expenses: "-3";  income: "2" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-05"; expenses: "-4";  income: "1" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-06"; expenses: "-2";  income: "2" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-07"; expenses: "-1";  income: "3" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-08"; expenses: "-5";  income: "1" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-09"; expenses: "-2";  income: "3" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-10"; expenses: "-5";  income: "2" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-11"; expenses: "-8";  income: "5" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2016-12"; expenses: "-3";  income: "3" }

        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-01"; expenses: "-3";  income: "1" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-02"; expenses: "-4";  income: "2" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-03"; expenses: "-12"; income: "4" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-04"; expenses: "-13"; income: "6" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-05"; expenses: "-14"; income: "11" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-06"; expenses: "-7";  income: "7" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-07"; expenses: "-6";  income: "4" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-08"; expenses: "-4";  income: "15" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-09"; expenses: "-2";  income: "18" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-10"; expenses: "-29"; income: "25" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-11"; expenses: "-23"; income: "29" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2017-12"; expenses: "-5";  income: "9" }

        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-01"; expenses: "-3";  income: "8" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-02"; expenses: "-8";  income: "14" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-03"; expenses: "-10"; income: "20" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-04"; expenses: "-12"; income: "24" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-05"; expenses: "-10"; income: "19" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-06"; expenses: "-5";  income: "8" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-07"; expenses: "-1";  income: "4" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-08"; expenses: "-7";  income: "12" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-09"; expenses: "-4";  income: "16" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-10"; expenses: "-22"; income: "33" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-11"; expenses: "-16"; income: "25" }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2018-12"; expenses: "-2";  income: "7" }

        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-01"; expenses: "-4";  income: "5"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-02"; expenses: "-4";  income: "7"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-03"; expenses: "-11"; income: "14"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-04"; expenses: "-16"; income: "22"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-05"; expenses: "-3";  income: "5"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-06"; expenses: "-4";  income: "8"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-07"; expenses: "-7";  income: "9"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-08"; expenses: "-9";  income: "13"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-09"; expenses: "-1";  income: "6"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-10"; expenses: "-14"; income: "25"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-11"; expenses: "-19"; income: "29"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2019-12"; expenses: "-5";  income: "7"  }

        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-01"; expenses: "-14"; income: "22"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-02"; expenses: "-5";  income: "7"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-03"; expenses: "-1";  income: "9"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-04"; expenses: "-1";  income: "12"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-05"; expenses: "-5";  income: "9"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-06"; expenses: "-5";  income: "8"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-07"; expenses: "-3";  income: "7"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-08"; expenses: "-1";  income: "5"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-09"; expenses: "-2";  income: "4"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-10"; expenses: "-10"; income: "13"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-11"; expenses: "-12"; income: "17"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2020-12"; expenses: "-6";  income: "9"  }

        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-01"; expenses: "-2";  income: "6"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-02"; expenses: "-4";  income: "8"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-03"; expenses: "-7";  income: "12"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-04"; expenses: "-9";  income: "15"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-05"; expenses: "-7";  income: "19"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-06"; expenses: "-9";  income: "18"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-07"; expenses: "-13"; income: "17"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-08"; expenses: "-5";  income: "9"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-09"; expenses: "-3";  income: "8"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-10"; expenses: "-13"; income: "15"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-11"; expenses: "-8";  income: "17"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2021-12"; expenses: "-7";  income: "10"  }

        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-01"; expenses: "-12";  income: "16"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-02"; expenses: "-24";  income: "28"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-03"; expenses: "-27";  income: "22"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-04"; expenses: "-29";  income: "25"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-05"; expenses: "-27";  income: "29"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-06"; expenses: "-19";  income: "18"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-07"; expenses: "-13";  income: "17"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-08"; expenses: "-15";  income: "19"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-09"; expenses: "-3";   income: "8"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-10"; expenses: "-3";   income: "6"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-11"; expenses: "-4";   income: "8"  }
        ListElement{ timestamp: "2022-12"; expenses: "-5";   income: "9"  }
    }
}

总结

本文介绍了QT数据可视化框架编程实战之三维柱状图可视化的运行效果以及具体实现代码。

如果读者对如何快速全面了解QT框架感兴趣，可以看一下这篇文章：

bird：快速全面了解QT软件界面开发技术

如果读者对如何学习QT框架有兴趣，可以看一下这篇文章：

bird：如何学习C/C++/QT软件开发技术

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《VS+QT+OpenCV可视化编程》 在现代软件开发中，将强大的图像处理库OpenCV与流行的跨平台开发框架Qt以及高效的Visual Studio IDE结合，可以创建出功能强大的可视化应用程序。本教程旨在介绍如何利用这三者进行有效...
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点击标题下「蓝色微信名」可快速关注在前面我们已经见识了Qt Charts可以非常简单地实现常见的图表，但Qt Charts只能显示平面图，如果想更进一步，让数据以3D形式进行显示，该怎么实现呢？在Qt中提供的Qt Data Visualization模块可以帮助我们快速创建3D柱形图、散点和曲面图。下面是Qt自带示例程序的效果。今天我们来演示一个3D柱形图，实现柱形图的动态展示功能。先看...
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前端控件宝典：UI组件的完整指南(38)——3D柱状图（多色彩显示）【源码在文末并附解释】
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weixin_29932039的博客
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简介在本文中，我们将演示如何绘制绘制一个三维柱状图，并结合使用GUI部件来控制柱状图的绘制参数。本文的示例演示了：使用Q3DBars和一些部件创建应用程序；使用QBar3DSeries和QBarDataProxy将数据设置为图形；使用部件控件调整一些图形和序列的属性；通过单击轴标签选择行或列；负的数值如何影响图形绘制。GraphModifer类定义GraphModifer类来设置图形序列数据，坐标...
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芒果黑的博客
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QtChart是qt自带绘制图表的模块。其用法的一些关键点比如安装的时候需要选择QtChart的模块，main函数需要使用QApplication等，很多博客都有说明。官方文档只有数据写死的demo，这里记录一下柱状图加载动态数据的实现方式。 先上代码 import QtQuick 2.0 import QtCharts 2.3 Item { ChartView { ...
python qt gui与数据可视化编程 完整版pdf
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因此，结合这三者，Python Qt GUI与数据可视化编程完整版PDF可以帮助开发人员更好地了解和掌握这个领域的知识和技能。 Python是一种解释性语言，具有极高的可读性和易于学习的特点，因此成为了数据可视化编程中广泛...

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