一、网络服务模型详解
简介:Thrift提供的网络服务模型:单线程、多线程、事件驱动,从另一个角度划分为:阻塞服务模型、非阻塞服务模型。
阻塞服务模型:TSimpleServer、TThreadPoolServer。
非阻塞服务模型:TNonblockingServer、THsHaServer和TThreadedSelectorServer
1、TServer
TServer定义了静态内部类Args,Args继承自抽象类AbstractServerArgs。AbstractServerArgs采用了建造者模式,向TServer提供各种工厂。
2、TSimpleServer
TSimpleServer的工作模式采用最简单的阻塞IO,实现方法简洁明了,便于理解,但是一次只能接收和处理一个socket连接,效率比较低。它主要用于演示Thrift的工作过程,在实际开发过程中很少用到它。
服务端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/2/26 - 18:27 - 2023
*/
public class SimpleService {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
TServerSocket socket = new TServerSocket(9000);
// 获取process
UserService.Processor processor = new UserService.Processor(new UserServiceImpl());
// 指定TBinaryProtocol
TBinaryProtocol.Factory factory = new TBinaryProtocol.Factory();
TServer.Args args1 = new TSimpleServer.Args(socket);
args1.processor(processor);
args1.protocolFactory(factory);
TSimpleServer tSimpleServer = new TSimpleServer(args1);
tSimpleServer.serve();
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
客户端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.User;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/2/26 - 18:36 - 2023
*/
public class client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
TSocket socket = new TSocket("localhost", 9000);
// 指定二进制编码
TBinaryProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(socket);
UserService.Client client = new UserService.Client(protocol);
socket.open();
// RPC 调用
User byId = client.getById(9000);
System.out.println("byId = " + byId);
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
3、TThreadPoolServer
TThreadPoolServer模式采用阻塞socket方式工作,主线程负责阻塞式监听是否有新socket到来,具体的业务处理交由一个线程池来处理。
服务端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadedSelectorServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/3/4 - 22:35 - 2023
*/
public class ThreadPoolServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws TTransportException {
TServerSocket socket = new TServerSocket(9000);
UserService.Processor processor = new UserService.Processor(new UserServiceImpl());
TBinaryProtocol.Factory factory = new TBinaryProtocol.Factory();
TThreadPoolServer.Args args1 = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(socket);
args1.processor(processor);
args1.protocolFactory(factory);
TThreadPoolServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(args1);
server.serve();
}
}
ThreadPoolServer解决了TSimpleServer不支持并发和多连接的问题,引入了线程池。实现的模型是One Thread Per Connection。
优缺点:
TThreadPoolServer模式的优点
拆分了监听线程(Accept Thread)和处理客户端连接的工作线程(Worker Thread),数据读取和业务处理都交给线程池处理。因此在并发量较大时新连接也能够被及时接受。线程池模式比较适合服务器端能预知最多有多少个客户端并发的情况,这时每个请求都能被业务线程池及时处理,性能也非常高。
TThreadPoolServer模式的缺点
线程池模式的处理能力受限于线程池的工作能力,当并发请求数大于线程池中的线程数时,新请求也只能排队等待。
默认线程池允许创建的最大线程数量为Integer.MAX_VALUE,可能会创建出大量线程,导致OOM(内存溢出)
4、TNonblockingServer
TNonblockingServer模式也是单线程工作,但是采用NIO的模式,利用io多路复用模型处理socket就绪事件,对于有数据到来的socket进行数据读取操作,对于有数据发送的socket则进行数据发送操作,对于监听socket则产生一个新业务socket并将其注册到selector上(注:TNonblockingServer要求底层的传输通道必须使用TFramedTransport)
服务端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.layered.TFramedTransport;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/3/4 - 23:39 - 2023
*/
public class TNonblockingServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TNonblockingServerSocket socket = new TNonblockingServerSocket(9000);
UserService.Processor processor = new UserService.Processor(new UserServiceImpl());
TCompactProtocol.Factory factory = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
TFramedTransport.Factory factory1 = new TFramedTransport.Factory();
org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer.Args args1 = new org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer.Args(socket);
args1.processor(processor);
args1.protocolFactory(factory);
args1.transportFactory(factory1);
org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer server = new org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer(args1);
server.serve();
}
}
客户端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.User;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.layered.TFramedTransport;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/3/5 - 0:27 - 2023
*/
public class NonblockingClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TFramedTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket("localhost",9000));
TCompactProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
UserService.Client client = new UserService.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
User byId = client.getById(900);
System.out.println("byId = " + byId);
}
}
优缺点
TNonblockingServer模式优点
相比于TSimpleServer效率提升主要体现在IO多路复用上,TNonblockingServer采用非阻塞IO,对accept/read/write等IO事件进行监控和处理,同时监控多个socket的状态变化。
TNonblockingServer模式缺点
TNonblockingServer模式在业务处理上还是采用单线程顺序来完成。在业务处理比较复杂、耗时的时候,例如某些接口函数需要读取数据库执行时间较长,会导致整个服务被阻塞住,此时该模式效率也不高,因为多个调用请求任务依然是顺序一个接一个执行
5、THsHaServer
鉴于TNonblockingServer的缺点,THsHaServer继承于TNonblockingServer,引入了线程池提高了任务处理的并发能力(注:THsHaServer和TNonblockingServer一样,要求底层的传输通道必须使用TFramedTransport)
服务端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.layered.TFramedTransport;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/3/5 - 10:48 - 2023
*/
public class HsHaServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws TTransportException {
TNonblockingServerSocket socket = new TNonblockingServerSocket(9000);
UserService.Processor processor = new UserService.Processor(new UserServiceImpl());
TCompactProtocol.Factory factory = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
TFramedTransport.Factory factory1 = new TFramedTransport.Factory();
TNonblockingServer.Args args1 = new TNonblockingServer.Args(socket);
args1.processor(processor);
args1.protocolFactory(factory);
args1.transportFactory(factory1);
TNonblockingServer server = new TNonblockingServer(args1);
server.serve();
}
}
优缺点
THsHaServer的优点
THsHaServer与TNonblockingServer模式相比,THsHaServer在完成数据读取之后,将业务处理过程交由一个线程池来完成,主线程直接返回进行下一次循环操作,效率大大提升。
THsHaServer的缺点
主线程仍然需要完成所有socket的监听接收、数据读取和数据写入操作。当并发请求数较大时,且发送数据量较多时,监听socket上新连接请求不能被及时接受
6、TThreadedSelectorServer
TThreadedSelectorServer是对THsHaServer的一种扩充,它将selector中的读写IO事件(read/write)从主线程中分离出来。同时引入worker工作线程池。TThreadedSelectorServer模式是目前Thrift提供的最高级的线程服务模型,它内部有如果几个部分构成:
-
一个AcceptThread专门用于处理监听socket上的新连接。
-
若干个SelectorThread专门用于处理业务socket的网络I/O读写操作,所有网络数据的读写均是有这些线程来完成。
-
一个负载均衡器SelectorThreadLoadBalancer对象,主要用于AcceptThread线程接收到一个新socket连接请求时,决定将这个新连接请求分配给哪个SelectorThread线程。
-
一个ExecutorService类型的工作线程池,在SelectorThread线程中,监听到有业务socket中有调用请求过来,则将请求数据读取之后,交给ExecutorService线程池中的线程完成此次调用的具体执行。主要用于处理每个rpc请求的handler回调处理。
服务端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.Impl.UserServiceImpl;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadedSelectorServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.layered.TFramedTransport;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/3/5 - 11:07 - 2023
*/
public class ThreadedSelectorServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws TTransportException {
TNonblockingServerSocket socket = new TNonblockingServerSocket(9000);
UserService.Processor<UserServiceImpl> processor = new UserService.Processor<>(new UserServiceImpl());
TCompactProtocol.Factory factory = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
TFramedTransport.Factory factory1 = new TFramedTransport.Factory();
TThreadedSelectorServer.Args args1 = new TThreadedSelectorServer.Args(socket);
args1.processor(processor);
args1.protocolFactory(factory);
args1.transportFactory(factory1);
TThreadedSelectorServer server = new TThreadedSelectorServer(args1);
server.serve();
}
}
客户端代码:
package com.yogurt;
import com.yogurt.Service.User;
import com.yogurt.Service.UserService;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.layered.TFramedTransport;
/**
* @author yogurt
* @Date 2023/3/5 - 11:13 - 2023
*/
public class ThreadedSelectorClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
new Thread(() ->{
try {
handle();
} catch (TTransportException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
}
}
public static void handle() throws TException {
TFramedTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket("localhost", 9000));
TCompactProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
UserService.Client client = new UserService.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
User byId = client.getById(9000);
System.out.println("byId = " + byId);
}
}