mac 电脑通过pyenv 安装 python 失败，提示报错：Error The Python ssl extension was not compiled.

Description

如题描述，当前在本地高版本的 macos 电脑上，通过直接命令行方式：

pyenv install 3.10

安装 python 提示报错失败：

Error The Python ssl extension was not compiled. Missing the OpenSSL lib?

完整报错路下：

❯ pyenv install 3.10
python-build: use openssl@1.1 from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
Downloading Python-3.10.12.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.12/Python-3.10.12.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.10.12...
python-build: use readline from homebrew
python-build: use zlib from homebrew
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/xxx/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/lib/python3.10/ssl.py", line 99, in <module>
    import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'
ERROR: The Python ssl extension was not compiled. Missing the OpenSSL lib?

Please consult to the Wiki page to fix the problem.
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems


BUILD FAILED (OS X 13.0 using python-build 20180424)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /var/folders/5t/c55_bg3128l0z7rfj_9w6cdc0000gn/T/python-build.20231218134935.47338
Results logged to /var/folders/5t/c55_bg3128l0z7rfj_9w6cdc0000gn/T/python-build.20231218134935.47338.log

Last 10 log lines:
		DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/var/folders/5t/c55_bg3128l0z7rfj_9w6cdc0000gn/T/python-build.20231218134935.47338/Python-3.10.12 ./python.exe -E -m ensurepip \
			$ensurepip --root=/ ; \
	fi
Looking in links: /var/folders/5t/c55_bg3128l0z7rfj_9w6cdc0000gn/T/tmphjw758g_
Processing /private/var/folders/5t/c55_bg3128l0z7rfj_9w6cdc0000gn/T/tmphjw758g_/setuptools-65.5.0-py3-none-any.whl
Processing /private/var/folders/5t/c55_bg3128l0z7rfj_9w6cdc0000gn/T/tmphjw758g_/pip-23.0.1-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
  WARNING: The scripts pip3 and pip3.10 are installed in '/Users/xxx/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed pip-23.0.1 setuptools-65.5.0

Root Cause

虽然 homebrew 已经提示安装了 ssl, 但是实际上并未真正成功安装。
而且对应的 ssl 的代码路径有些不一样，需要对齐调整，具体详情看 # solution.

Solution

同时注意，需要特别设定编译变量 CFLAGS 和 CFLAGS。
其中
CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include": 这里设置了环境变量 CFLAGS，用于告诉编译器在哪里寻找头文件。-I 选项后面跟着的是头文件的路径，这里使用 $(brew --prefix openssl) 获取 OpenSSL 的安装路径，然后添加 /include 子目录，表示 OpenSSL 的头文件所在的路径。

LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib": 这里设置了环境变量 LDFLAGS，用于告诉链接器在哪里寻找库文件。-L 选项后面跟着的是库文件的路径，这里同样使用 $(brew --prefix openssl) 获取 OpenSSL 的安装路径，然后添加 /lib 子目录，表示 OpenSSL 的库文件所在的路径。

卸载掉 ssl 并重新安装，再继续通过pyenv 安装 python 即可.

brew uninstall openssl && brew install openssl && CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include" LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" pyenv install ${python version}

example:

brew uninstall openssl && brew install openssl && CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include" LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" pyenv install 3.10.12