java.util.Iterator接口

package java.util;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
/**
 * An iterator over a collection.  {@code Iterator} takes the place of
 * {@link Enumeration} in the Java Collections Framework.  Iterators
 * differ from enumerations in two ways:
 * 集合上的迭代器
 * 在Java Collections Framework中，Iterator代替了Enumeration
 * Iterator与Enumeration的不同有以下两点：
 * <ul>
 *      <li> Iterators allow the caller to remove elements from the
 *           underlying collection during the iteration with well-defined
 *           semantics.
 * 		Iterators允许调用者在迭代期间使用定义明确的语义从底层集合中删除元素。
 *      <li> Method names have been improved.
 * 		方法名称已得到改进。
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>This interface is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @param <E> the type of elements returned by this iterator
 *
 * @author  Josh Bloch
 * @see Collection
 * @see ListIterator
 * @see Iterable
 * @since 1.2
 */
public interface Iterator<E> {
    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the iteration has more elements.
     * 如果iteration有更多的元素那么就返回true
     * (In other words, returns {@code true} if {@link #next} would
     * return an element rather than throwing an exception.)
     * （换句话说，如果next方法返回的是一个元素而不是抛出一个异常的话那么就返回true）
     * @return {@code true} if the iteration has more elements
     */
    boolean hasNext();

    /**
     * Returns the next element in the iteration.
     * 返回iteration中的下一个元素。
     * @return the next element in the iteration
     * @return iteration中的下一个元素。
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if the iteration has no more elements
     * @抛出NoSuchElementException 如果iterations中没有更多的元素
     */
    E next();

    /**
     * Removes from the underlying collection the last element returned
     * by this iterator (optional operation).  This method can be called
     * only once per call to {@link #next}.  The behavior of an iterator
     * is unspecified if the underlying collection is modified while the
     * iteration is in progress in any way other than by calling this
     * method.
     * 从基础集合中移除此迭代器返回的最后一个元素（可选操作）。
     * 每次调用next方法只能调用一次此方法。
     * 如果在迭代进行过程中以其他方式（而不是通过调用此方法）修改了基础集合，则迭代器的行为是不确定的。
     * 
     * @implSpec
     * The default implementation throws an instance of
     * {@link UnsupportedOperationException} and performs no other action.
     * 默认实现会抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常，并且不执行其他任何操作
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code remove}
     *         operation is not supported by this iterator
     * 抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常如果remove方法的操作不被iterator支持
     * 
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the {@code next} method has not
     *         yet been called, or the {@code remove} method has already
     *         been called after the last call to the {@code next}
     *         method
     * 抛出IllegalStateException异常如果next方法没有被调用或者在上次调用next方法之后，已经调用了remove方法
     */
    default void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove");
    }

    /**
     * Performs the given action for each remaining element until all elements
     * have been processed or the action throws an exception.  Actions are
     * performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified.
     * 对剩余的每个元素执行给定的操作，直到所有元素都已处理或该操作引发异常。 如果指定了顺序，则按照迭代顺序执行操作。
     * 
     * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
     * 该操作引发的异常将中继到调用方。
     
     * @implSpec
     * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
     * <pre>{@code
     *     while (hasNext())
     *         action.accept(next());
     * }</pre>
     * 迭代操作
     * @param action The action to be performed for each element
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
     * 抛出NullPointerException异常如果对已制定的action为null
     * @since 1.8
     * java.util.function.Consumer 表示一个接受单个输入参数且不返回结果的操作。
     */
    default void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        /**
        * 判断action（Consumer）是否为空
        * public static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj) {
        *	 if (obj == null)
        * 	    throw new NullPointerException();
        *	 return obj;
    	*}
        */
        while (hasNext())
            action.accept(next());
    }
    该方法和forEach方法的不同在于该方法只能对所给定的元素处理一次，下一次处理是从上一次元素处理后的位置开始。而forEach则可以多次迭代。
    public static void main(String[] args){
        List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
        list1.add("jack");
        list1.add("tom");
        Iterator<String> it1 = list1.iterator();
        it1.forEachRemaining(String->System.out.print(String+" "));
        System.out.println();
        //如果在一次处理过程中加入其他操作则会报java.util.ConcurrentModificationException异常
        //list1.add("john");
        it1.forEachRemaining(String->System.out.print(String+" "));
        
        System.out.println("===========================");
        
        List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<String>();
        list2.add("jack");
        list2.add("tom");
        list2.forEach(String->System.out.print(String+" "));
        System.out.println();
        list2.add("john");
        list2.forEach(String->System.out.print(String+" "));
    }
}