spring高级装配-profile

1 配置profile bean

package com.myapp;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.profile;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType;

@Configuration
@Profile("dev")
public class DevelopmentProfileConfig{
	@Bean(destoryMethod="shutdown")
	public DataSource dataSource(){
		return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
			.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
			....
	}
}

package com.myapp;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.profile;
import org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean;

@Configuration
@Profile("prod")
public class ProductionProfileConfig {
	@Bean
	public DataSource  dataSource(){
		...
	}
}

在上面的例子中只有相应的环境profile激活时,才会创建相应的bean.在Spring3.1中只能在类的级别上使用@Profile注解.从spring3.2版本以后,也可以在方法级别上使用@Profile注解,与Bean一同使用;

package com.myapp;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.profile;
import org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
	@Bean(destoryMethod="shutdown")
	@Profile("dev")
	public DataSource embeddedDataSource(){
		...
	}
	
	@Bean
	@Profile("product")
	public DataSource jndiDataSource(){
		...
	}
	
}

这里尽管每个datasource bean都被声明在profile中,但是只有相应的profile激活时才会被创建.而没有指定profile的bean始终都会被创建

2 在xml中指定profile

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8">
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" 
	profile="dev">
	
	<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource">
		<jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
		<jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql">
	</jdbc:embedded-database>
	
</beans>

与之类似,我们也可以将profile设置成product
重复使用beans元素指定多个profile

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8">
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" >
	<beans profile="dev">
		<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource">
			<jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
			<jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql">
		</jdbc:embedded-database>
	</beans>
	
	<beans profile="prod">
		<jee:jndi-lookup id="datasource"
			jndi-name="jdbc/myDataBase"
			resource-ref="true"
			proxy-interface="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
	</beans>
</beans>

3 激活profile
spring在确定激活哪个profile时依赖两个独立的属性:spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.defaut;如果设置了spring.profiles.active那么它的值会用来确定激活哪个profile,如果则取spring.profile.default的值

可以通过如下方式来设置这两个属性:
作为DispatcherServlet的初始化参数
作为web应用的上下文参数
作为JNDI条目
作为环境变量
作为jvm的系统属性
在集成测试类上,使用@ActiveProfiles

在web.xml中设置默认的profile

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8">
<web-app version="2.5"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
		http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
		
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfiguration</param-name>
		<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<context-param>
		<!--  为上下文置默认的profile-->
		<param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name>
		<param-value>dev</param-value>
	</context-param>
	
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>
			org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
		</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<!--  为servlet设置默认的profile-->
			<param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name>
			<param-value>dev</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	....

使用profile进行测试

	@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
	@ContextConfiguration(class={PersistenceTestConfig.class})
	@ActiveProfiles("dev")
	public class PersistenceTest{
		...
	}