Effective Java 学习笔记 (11)

Clone这个方法很鸡肋，原因是因为它是受保护的(protected)，其二Clone这个方法是可选的，即有可能类没有提供这个方法。

clone没有调用构造函数，而且如果父类没有实现clone的话，子类永远也不可能正确实现clone.

总之，clone是个很头痛的函数，如果要正确实现，必须考虑到深考贝的情况，否则被克隆出来的对象就不是独立的，如，要写一个堆栈类的克隆函数，正确的实现方法是：

@Override public Stack clone() {
            try {
                        Stack result = (Stack) super.clone();
                        result.elements = elements.clone();
                        return result;
            } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
                        throw new AssertionError();
            }
}

要注意对于final字段不能正常工作，clone结构与可变对象的final字段是不兼容的。

对于列散数组，仅仅递归调用的clone方法还不够，看书中正确的做法：

public class HashTable implements Cloneable {
            private Entry[] buckets = ...;
            private static class Entry {
                        final Object key;
                        Object value;
                        Entry next;
                        Entry(Object key, Object value, Entry next) {
                                    this.key = key;
                                    this.value = value;
                                    this.next = next;
                        }

                       Entry deepCopy() {
                                    return new Entry(key, value,
                                    next == null ? null : next.deepCopy());
                        }
            }
            @Override public HashTable clone() {
                        try {
                                   HashTable result = (HashTable) super.clone();
                                    result.buckets = new Entry[buckets.length];
                                    for (int i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++)
                                                if (buckets[i] != null)           
                                                            result.buckets[i] = buckets[i].deepCopy();
                                                return result;
                        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
                                    throw new AssertionError();
                        }
            }
... // Remainder omitted

}

简单的说，实现了cloneable的接口类必须要有一个public的clone。然后调用super.clone，再对本类中的字段进行深拷贝，并用新对象的引用代码原来对象的引用。

其实，能不用clone就最好不用，最推荐的是用拷贝构造函数实现对象的复制。