使用kubeadm部署kubernetes集群

环境

安装三台Linux系统（一主二从），使用Centos8系统，在每台linux中分别安装docker，kubeadm，kubelet，kubelet

主机	IP
master	192.168.159.100
node1	192.168.159.101
node2	192.168.159.102

环境初始化

配置hosts

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.159.100 master.example.com      master
192.168.159.101 node1.example.com       node1
192.168.159.102 node2.example.com       node2

[root@master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.159.101:/etc/hosts
[root@master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.159.102:/etc/hosts

配置时钟同步

master

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
local stratum 10								//取消注释

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@master ~]# hwclock -w

node1和node2

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
server  master.example.com      iburst

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@node1 ~]# hwclock -w

禁用firewalld、selinux、postfix

三台主机都做

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop postfix
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable postfix

禁用swap分区

三台主机都做

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0

[root@master ~]# swapoff -a

开启IP转发、修改内核信息

三台主机都做

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/kuber.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

[root@master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kuber.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

配置IPVS

三台主机都做

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh

[root@master ~]# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@master ~]# bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@master ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 172032  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr

[root@master ~]# reboot

安装Docker

配置yum源

[root@master ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@master ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@master ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@master ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

[root@master ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  docker-ce.repo  epel-modular.repo  epel.repo  epel-testing-modular.repo  epel-testing.repo

[root@master yum.repos.d]# scp * root@node1:/etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@master yum.repos.d]# scp * root@node2:/etc/yum.repos.d/

安装docker-ce

三台主机都做

[root@master ~]# yum -y install docker-ce --allowerasing
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable docker

配置镜像加速器

三台主机都配置

[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://cj9sucfo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF

[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker

安装kubernetes组件

配置yum源

三台主机都配置

[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl工具

三台主机都配置

[root@master ~]# yum -y install kubeadm kubectl kubelet
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart kubelet
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet

配置containerd

三台主机都配置

[root@master ~]# containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
    sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart containerd.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable containerd.service

部署master

[root@master ~]# kubeadm init \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.159.100 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  --kubernetes-version v1.25.4 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.159.100:6443 --token e0fbnt.uebgge8xhb3rfysi \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a551e2318dae7d39c7d58bb444e5bfee6e5cddda8b8a3142b9ffe0722059836f

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/kuber.sh
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
[root@master ~]# source /etc/profile.d/kuber.sh

安装pod网络插件

[root@master ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

将node节点加入k8s集群

[root@node1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.159.100:6443 --token e0fbnt.uebgge8xhb3rfysi \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a551e2318dae7d39c7d58bb444e5bfee6e5cddda8b8a3142b9ffe0722059836f

[root@node2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.159.100:6443 --token e0fbnt.uebgge8xhb3rfysi \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a551e2318dae7d39c7d58bb444e5bfee6e5cddda8b8a3142b9ffe0722059836f

创建pod，运行nginx容器进行测试

[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-76d6c9b8c-wshgm   1/1     Running   0          28s

[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort
service/nginx exposed

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE                NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-76d6c9b8c-wshgm   1/1     Running   0          38s   10.244.2.3   node2.example.com   <none>           <none>

[root@master ~]# kubectl get services
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        41m
nginx        NodePort    10.107.219.56   <none>        80:32161/TCP   23s

访问测试

修改默认网页

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it pod/nginx-76d6c9b8c-wshgm -- /bin/bash
root@nginx-76d6c9b8c-wshgm:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
root@nginx-76d6c9b8c-wshgm:/usr/share/nginx/html# echo "test" > index.html

再次访问