[从头学数学] 第286节 [计算几何] 多边形的布尔运算（上）

剧情提要：
阿伟看到了一本比较有趣的书，是关于《计算几何》的，2008年由北清派出版。很好奇
它里面讲了些什么，就来看看啦。


正剧开始：
星历2016年10月21日 14:37:23, 银河系厄尔斯星球中华帝国江南行省。

[工程师阿伟]正在和[机器小伟]一起研究[计算几何]]。

一、生成随机多边形

<span style="font-size:18px;">#
import math
from collections import namedtuple
from decimal import Decimal, getcontext
import re
from random import randint
# from subprocess import call
import os

getcontext().prec = 8
horizontal = Decimal('-Infinity')

Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
DoublePoint = namedtuple('DoublePoint', 'x y')

#生成随机多边形
def RandomPoly(maxWidth, maxHeight, vertCnt):
    result = []
    for _ in range(vertCnt):
        result.append(Point(randint(0, maxWidth), randint(0, maxHeight)))
    return result

def tmp():
    scale = 1;
    a = RandomPoly(640 * scale, 480 * scale, 10);
    print('a = ', a);
    b = RandomPoly(640 * scale, 480 * scale, 16);
    print('b = ', b);

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tmp();

>>> 
a =  [Point(x=376, y=223), Point(x=471, y=386), Point(x=110, y=381), Point(x=206, y=85), Point(x=190, y=41), Point(x=547, y=249), Point(x=501, y=75), Point(x=501, y=183), Point(x=497, y=240), Point(x=528, y=83)]
b =  [Point(x=432, y=428), Point(x=558, y=145), Point(x=64, y=52), Point(x=381, y=467), Point(x=460, y=321), Point(x=614, y=318), Point(x=173, y=80), Point(x=301, y=399), Point(x=431, y=129), Point(x=82, y=79), Point(x=449, y=71), Point(x=300, y=29), Point(x=558, y=225), Point(x=5, y=87), Point(x=613, y=327), Point(x=342, y=353)]
>>> 
#</span>

二、有关数据的文件操作

<span style="font-size:18px;">#
#读取/保存多边形数据到文件
def LoadFile1(lines):
    # File type 1: first line is total polygons count and subsequent lines 
    # contain the polygon vertex count followed by its coords 
    try:
        polygons = []
        poly = []
        for l in lines:
            vals = re.split(' |, |,', l.strip())
            if len(vals) < 2:  
                if (len(poly)  > 2):
                    polygons.append(poly)
                poly = []
            else: 
                poly.append(Point(int(vals[0]), int(vals[1])))
        if (len(poly)  > 2):
            polygons.append(poly)
        return polygons
    except:
        return None

def LoadFile2(lines):
    # File type 2: vertex coords on consecutive lines for each polygon 
    # where each polygon is separated by an empty line 
    try:
        polygons = []
        poly = []
        for l in lines:
            l = l.strip()
            if (l == ''): 
                if (len(poly)  > 2):
                    polygons.append(poly)
                poly = []
            else: 
                vals = re.split(' |, |,', l)
                poly.append(Point(int(vals[0]), int(vals[1])))
        if (len(poly)  > 2):
            polygons.append(poly)
        return polygons
    except:
        return None

def LoadFile(filename):
    try:
        f = open(filename, 'r')
        try:
            lines = f.readlines()
        finally:
            f.close()
        # pick file type from format of first line ...
        if len(lines) == 0: return []
        elif not ',' in lines[0]: return LoadFile1(lines)
        else: return LoadFile2(lines)
    except:
        return None
    
def SaveToFile(filename, polys, scale = 1.0):
    invScale = 1.0 / scale
    try:
        f = open(filename, 'w')
        try:
            if invScale == 1:
                for poly in polys:
                    for pt in poly:
                        f.write("{0}, {1}\n".format(pt.x, pt.y))
                    f.write("\n")
            else:
                for poly in polys:
                    for pt in poly:
                        f.write("{0:.4f}, {1:.4f}\n".format(pt.x * invScale, pt.y * invScale))
                    f.write("\n")
        finally:
            f.close()
    except:
        return

#测试多边形数据生成
def tmp_0():
    scale = 1;
    a = RandomPoly(640 * scale, 480 * scale, 10);
    print('a = ', a);
    b = RandomPoly(640 * scale, 480 * scale, 16);
    print('b = ', b);

#测试多边形数据写入文件
def tmp_1():
    scaleExp = 0
    scale = math.pow(10, scaleExp)
    invScale = 1.0 / scale   

    subj, clip = [], []
    subj.append(RandomPoly(640 * scale, 480 * scale, 10))
    clip.append(RandomPoly(640 * scale, 480 * scale, 16))
    SaveTo