centos 7下mysql安装步骤

本文以centos7为例，介绍mysql5.7的安装过程，由于系统版本不同，安装过程可能存在稍许差异，但本文介绍的过程还是可以参考的。
1.单实例安装
set global show_compatibility_56=on;

下载mysql安装文件mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz到/usr/local/

解压 mysql 到/usr/local 目录
解压：
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

安装需要的依赖
yum install -y libaio
具体安装如下：
[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.9 mysql
[root@localhost local]# cd mysql
[root@localhost local]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@localhost local]# chmod 770 mysql-files
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost local]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@localhost local]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql # MySQL 5.7.6 and up
[root@localhost local]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup # MySQL 5.7.6 and up
[root@localhost local]# chown -R root .
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql data mysql-files
[root@localhost local]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

###Next command is optional
[root@localhost local]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

配置环境变量：
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
配置开机启动
chkconfig mysql.server on
chkconfig --list

启动mysql
service mysql start

启动的时候有可能会报错

这是因为 mysql 启动的时候需要配置文件，而在安装 centos 的时候，哪怕是 mini 版本都会有个默认的配置在/etc 目录中
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --verbose --help |grep -A 1 ‘Default options’ Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
Mysql 启动的时候会以上面所述的顺序加载配置文件
配置内容参考如下：

如果报错，先重命名 my.cnf 文件，也可以指定一个带绝对路径的配置文件进行启动

登陆，修改密码
mysql -uroot -p123456

mysql> set password = ‘pass1234%’;
允许远程登陆
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘pass1234%’
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘pass1234%’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges;

2.多实例安装
以前有一些很 low 的方法是，解压两个 mysql，分别放到不同文件夹，其实 mysql 已经考虑到了多实例安装的情况。也有相应的脚本命令的支持。
现在要求装两个 mysql 一个 3306，3308

新建 /etc/my.cnf 配置如下
[mysqld]
sql_mode =
“STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR
_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER”
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /var/log/mysqld_multi.log
[mysqld1]
server-id = 11
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
port = 3306
datadir = /data1
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
skip_name_resolve = 1
log_error = error.log
pid-file = /data1/mysql.pid1
[mysqld2]
server-id = 12
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port = 3308
datadir = /data2
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
skip_name_resolve = 1
log_error = error.log
pid-file = /data2/mysql.pid2

创建 2 个数据目录
mkdir /data1
mkdir /data2
chown mysql.mysql /data1
chown mysql.mysql /data2
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data1
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data2
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid

配置开机启动
chkconfig mysqld_multid on
查看状态
mysqld_multi report

如果出现这个提示，说明还需要 perl 的环境，安装
yum -y install perl perl-devel
在运行，就发现已经有实例了
mysqld_multi report

mysqld_multi start

启动，登录，分别修改密码，允许远程连接
mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock1 -p123456 -P3306
mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock2 -p123456 -P3308

mysql> set password = ‘pass1234%’;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘pass1234%’;
mysql> flush privileges;