02-两线程交替打印(面试题)

两个线程交替打印

• 如何让两个线程交替打印内容，比如A1B2C3D4,其中一个线程打印字母，另一个线程打印数字，交替完成输出

方式一：wait-notify

public class Test {

    private static char[] charsArr1 = "12345".toCharArray();
    private static char[] charsArr2 = "ABCDE".toCharArray();
    private static Object lock = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (lock) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < charsArr1.length; i++) {
                        System.out.print(charsArr1[i]);
                        try {
                            lock.notify();
                            lock.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    //保证另一个线程退出
                    lock.notify();
                }
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (lock) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < charsArr2.length; i++) {
                        System.out.print(charsArr2[i]);
                        try {
                            lock.notify();
                            lock.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    //保证另一个线程退出
                    lock.notify();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

方式二：lock-condition

public class Test {

    private static char[] charsArr1 = "12345".toCharArray();
    private static char[] charsArr2 = "ABCDE".toCharArray();
    private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private static Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
    private static Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    //2个线程会交替在for循环里面执行，打印完毕之后到for循环外面，通过signal保证线程都能够退出
                    for (int i = 0; i < charsArr1.length; i++) {
                        System.out.print(charsArr1[i]);
                        condition2.signal();
                        condition1.await();
                    }
                    //保证另一个线程退出
                    condition2.signal();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }

            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    for (int i = 0; i < charsArr2.length; i++) {
                        System.out.print(charsArr2[i]);
                        condition1.signal();
                        condition2.await();
                    }
                    //保证另一个线程退出
                    condition1.signal();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

方式三：原子变量

public class Test {

    private static AtomicInteger integer = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private static char[] charsArr1 = "12345".toCharArray();
    private static char[] charsArr2 = "ABCDE".toCharArray();

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < charsArr1.length; ) {
                if (integer.get() % 2 == 0) {
                    System.out.print(charsArr1[i++]);
                    integer.getAndIncrement();
                }
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < charsArr2.length; ) {
                if (integer.get() % 2 == 1) {
                    System.out.print(charsArr2[i++]);
                    integer.getAndIncrement();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

方式四：LockSupport

• LockSupport可以park挂起一个线程，也可以unpark给线程解挂，并且可以提前释放一个许可，后面的线程就不会park，详情可以参考AQS工具-LockSupport

public class Test {

    private static char[] charsArr1 = "12345".toCharArray();
    private static char[] charsArr2 = "ABCDE".toCharArray();
    static Thread t1 = null, t2 = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < charsArr1.length; ) {
                System.out.print(charsArr1[i++]);
                LockSupport.unpark(t2);
                LockSupport.park();
            }
        });

        t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < charsArr2.length; ) {
                    LockSupport.park();
                    System.out.print(charsArr2[i++]);
                    LockSupport.unpark(t1);
                }
        });

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}